July 2024

Hepatitis A is a contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Unlike other forms of hepatitis, hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease, but it can cause acute liver inflammation and is a significant public health concern globally.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in rare cases, hepatitis A can lead to liver failure and even death. This is more common among older adults and individuals with other serious health conditions, such as chronic liver disease.

Causes and Transmission

The hepatitis A virus is typically spread through the fecal-oral route. This means the virus is present in the stool of an infected person and can contaminate food, water, and surfaces. Common sources of infection include:

• Contaminated Food and Water: Eating raw or undercooked food, especially shellfish from contaminated water, is a common way to contract hepatitis A.
• Close Personal Contact: Living in the same household or having sexual contact with an infected person increases the risk of transmission.
• Poor Sanitation and Hygiene: Areas with poor sanitation or overcrowded living conditions are more susceptible to outbreaks.

Symptoms

Symptoms of hepatitis A can range from mild to severe and typically appear 2 to 7 weeks after exposure to the virus. They may include:

• Fatigue
• Sudden nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain or discomfort, especially in the upper right side beneath the lower ribs (by your liver)
• Clay-colored bowel movements
• Loss of appetite
• Low-grade fever
• Dark urine
• Joint pain
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
• Intense itching

These symptoms usually last less than two months, although some people can be ill for as long as six months. In children under age 6, hepatitis A often causes no symptoms.

Hepatitis A, while typically less severe than other forms of hepatitis, can still cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Understanding the transmission routes, recognizing symptoms early, and practicing preventive measures are crucial in managing and reducing the spread of hepatitis A. Vaccination remains the most effective tool in preventing infection and ensuring public health safety. By staying informed and taking proactive steps, we can protect ourselves and our communities from this contagious disease.

Reference:

https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/about/index.html