cfhinitiative

SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON THE ROLE OF LITERACY IN COMBATING GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

Gender Based Violence, Girl Education, Speak Wednesday, Women Education / cfhinitiative

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a serious issue affecting millions of women worldwide. It includes physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological harm, often linked to deep-rooted gender inequalities. While legal reforms and social programs are crucial in tackling GBV, one of the most powerful tools in this fight is literacy. Improving literacy, especially among women, can play a critical role in reducing GBV and addressing the broader issue of gender bias.
How Literacy Can Help Reduce Gender-Based Violence

1. Awareness and Empowerment
Literacy gives women the ability to access information about their rights and the resources available to help them. Many women who experience violence are unaware of their legal protections or how to seek help. By being able to read and write, women can better understand their options and take steps to escape abusive situations. Literacy also provides a sense of confidence and self-worth, helping women stand up against violence and assert their rights.

2. Shifting Cultural Norms
Cultural attitudes that reinforce gender inequality are a major driver of GBV. Literacy plays a role in challenging these harmful norms. Educated women are more likely to question practices such as child marriage, domestic abuse, and gender discrimination. Men who are educated also tend to have more respect for women and are less likely to engage in violent behaviour. In societies where literacy programs are introduced, there is often a noticeable shift toward gender equality and lower rates of GBV.

3. Economic Independence
One of the reasons many women remain in abusive relationships is their financial dependence on their abusers. Literacy can change this by improving women’s access to better job opportunities and giving them the skills to manage their own finances. When women can earn an income and support themselves, they are less vulnerable to violence and more capable of leaving abusive situations.

4. Creating Safe Spaces for Women
Literacy programs often serve as community hubs where women can come together to learn and share experiences. These programs can also be platforms to discuss sensitive issues like GBV in a safe, supportive environment. By raising awareness of GBV and providing practical solutions, such as legal advice and access to shelters, these programs help women seek the support they need.
Literacy is more than just the ability to read and write—it is a tool for empowerment, economic independence, and social change. When women are literate, they are better equipped to challenge violence, defend their rights, and break free from abusive relationships. As a key part of the fight against gender-based violence, literacy programs offer a path to safety and equality for women everywhere.
Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

References:
1. World Health Organization (2021). Violence against women prevalence estimates. Available at: https://www.who.int
2. UNESCO (2020). Education transforms lives. Available at: https://en.unesco.org/themes/education

SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON THE ROLE OF LITERACY IN COMBATING GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN Read More »

MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY

Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin S, which causes red blood cells to assume a rigid, sickle-like shape. These sickle-shaped cells are less flexible and can block blood flow in small blood vessels, leading to pain, organ damage, and increased risk of infection. While SCD presents significant challenges for individuals throughout their lives, pregnancy adds an additional layer of complexity, requiring careful management to ensure the health and safety of both mother and child.

Pregnancy in women with Sickle Cell Disease is considered high-risk due to the potential complications that can arise. The disease can affect almost every aspect of pregnancy, from conception to delivery, with the most common issues including:

Painful Crises: Sickle cell crises, also known as vaso-occlusive episodes, can occur more frequently during pregnancy. These crises are characterized by intense pain, often in the bones, joints, and abdomen, and are caused by the blockage of blood vessels by sickled cells. The stress of pregnancy, along with physiological changes, can trigger these episodes, posing risks to both the mother and the fetus.

Anemia: While anemia is common in all pregnancies, it can be more severe in women with SCD. The sickled red blood cells have a shorter lifespan, leading to chronic anemia, which can worsen during pregnancy. Severe anemia increases the risk of complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction.

Preeclampsia: Women with SCD are at a higher risk of developing preeclampsia, a condition characterized by high blood pressure and damage to other organs, most often the liver and kidneys. Preeclampsia can be life-threatening for both mother and baby if not managed properly, and it may necessitate early delivery.

Infections: SCD increases susceptibility to infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs) and respiratory infections, which can complicate pregnancy. The spleen, often damaged or non-functional in individuals with SCD, plays a key role in fighting infections, making these women more vulnerable during pregnancy.

Fetal Complications: The fetus is also at risk when the mother has SCD. There is an increased likelihood of miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and low birth weight. Moreover, there is a risk that the child may inherit SCD or be born with the sickle cell trait if both parents carry the gene.

Given the potential risks, it is crucial for pregnant women with SCD to receive specialized care from a multidisciplinary team, including obstetricians, hematologists, and pediatricians. The management of SCD during pregnancy involves several key strategies: preconception counseling, regular monitoring, pain management, prevention and treatment of infections, management of anemia, and delivery planning.

Sickle Cell Disease presents significant challenges during pregnancy, but with careful management and comprehensive care, many women with SCD can have successful pregnancies and deliver healthy babies. Early intervention, regular monitoring, and a multidisciplinary approach are key to minimizing risks and ensuring the best possible outcomes. Awareness and education about SCD in pregnancy are vital to empowering women with the knowledge and resources they need to navigate this journey safely.


		  MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY Read More »



		
	
		
THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN ADDRESSING GENDER BIAS: WHY LITERACY MATTERS FOR EVERY GIRL
		
			Female Roles in Nation Building, Gender Based Violence, Girl Education, Speak Wednesday / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				Education is a game-changer, especially for girls. Across the world, millions of girls are held back by gender bias, often missing out on school because of outdated beliefs that prioritize boys’ education. However, the reality is that when girls receive an education, it not only transforms their own lives but also positively impacts their families and entire communities.
Literacy is more than just the ability to read and write; it is a gateway to empowerment and independence. Educated girls are more likely to delay marriage, have healthier children, and earn better incomes. According to UNICEF, when a girl is educated, she has the power to transform her life and lift her community out of poverty.
Moreover, educated women are more likely to advocate for their rights and challenge harmful gender norms. The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that mothers with an education are better equipped to keep their families healthy, which means fewer child deaths and stronger communities.

Schools can be the front line in the fight against gender bias. Education can challenge stereotypes by teaching both boys and girls the importance of equality and respect. When children learn about gender equality early on, they grow up to be adults who value and promote it. -UNESCO
Every girl deserves the chance to learn. When we invest in girls’ education, we invest in a brighter, more equal future for everyone. It’s time to break down the barriers and make sure every girl, everywhere, gets the education she deserves.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.
References

•	UNICEF. (2022). Why Girls’ Education Matters.

•	WHO. (2021). Women’s Health and Education.

•	UNESCO. (2020). COVID-19 and Education: The Road to Recovery.

•	UNESCO. (2019). Gender Equality in Education: A Key to Social Progress.

			
		  THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN ADDRESSING GENDER BIAS: WHY LITERACY MATTERS FOR EVERY GIRL Read More »
		
					

	

 
	


		
	
		
MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON SICKLE CELL OVERVIEW – SYMPTOMS AND TYPES
		
			Monday Health Burst / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited blood disorders that primarily affects the structure and function of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Individuals with SCD have abnormal hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin S, which causes red blood cells to become rigid, sticky, and crescent-shaped, resembling a sickle. These deformed cells can obstruct blood flow, leading to a range of complications and symptoms.
Types of Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease encompasses several related conditions, the most common of which include:
	Sickle Cell Anemia (HbSS):

This is the most severe form of SCD and occurs when an individual inherits two sickle cell genes (one from each parent). The red blood cells primarily contain hemoglobin S, leading to frequent complications.
	Sickle Hemoglobin-C Disease (HbSC):

This type occurs when an individual inherits one sickle cell gene and one gene for hemoglobin C. Hemoglobin C is another abnormal form of hemoglobin, but it’s less severe than hemoglobin S. People with HbSC generally have milder symptoms compared to those with HbSS, though they can still experience significant health issues.
	Sickle Beta-Plus Thalassemia (HbSβ+):

This form results from the inheritance of one sickle cell gene and one gene for beta-thalassemia, a condition that reduces the production of hemoglobin. The severity of symptoms in HbSβ+ can vary, but they are typically milder than HbSS.
	Sickle Beta-Zero Thalassemia (HbSβ0):

This is another form of SCD where the individual inherits one sickle cell gene and one gene for beta-thalassemia. In HbSβ0, the beta-thalassemia gene causes little to no hemoglobin production, making this condition as severe as HbSS.
The symptoms of SCD vary depending on the specific type, but there are common manifestations that many individuals with the condition experience:
Anemia:

The sickle-shaped cells are fragile and prone to breaking apart, leading to a shortage of red blood cells (anemia). This can result in fatigue, weakness, and paleness.
Pain Crises:

Known as vaso-occlusive crises, these episodes occur when sickled red blood cells block blood flow through tiny blood vessels, causing severe pain. Pain can occur in various parts of the body, including the chest, abdomen, and joints.
Swelling of Hands and Feet:

Also known as dactylitis, this symptom is common in infants and young children. It is caused by sickled cells blocking blood flow in the small bones of the hands and feet.
Frequent Infections:

SCD can damage the spleen, an organ that helps fight infections. This makes individuals with SCD more susceptible to infections, particularly pneumonia.

Delayed Growth and Puberty:

Due to chronic anemia and lack of oxygen-rich blood, children with SCD may grow more slowly and reach puberty later than their peers.
Vision Problems:

Sickle cells can block tiny blood vessels in the eyes, leading to damage to the retina and causing vision issues.
Acute Chest Syndrome:

This is a life-threatening complication resembling pneumonia, where sickled cells block blood vessels in the lungs, causing chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
Stroke:

Children and adults with SCD are at risk of stroke due to blocked blood flow to parts of the brain. This can result in severe neurological complications.
Sickle cell disease is a complex and serious condition that requires ongoing medical care and attention. While there is no universal cure, treatments such as pain management, blood transfusions, and bone marrow transplants can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Advances in research and therapies continue to improve the quality of life for those living with this challenging disease.

			
		  MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON SICKLE CELL OVERVIEW – SYMPTOMS AND TYPES Read More »
		
					

	

 
	


		
	
		
SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH HUMANITARIAN ACTIONS
		
			Speak Wednesday / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				The empowerment of women has become a central theme in global humanitarian efforts, with the recognition that gender equality is fundamental to achieving sustainable development. Organizations around the world are implementing diverse programs aimed at enhancing the economic, social, and health outcomes for women, particularly in vulnerable communities. 
Women’s empowerment is a critical driver of social and economic progress. Empowering women not only improves their own well-being but also contributes to the health and prosperity of entire communities. According to the World Bank, when women are empowered, they are more likely to invest in their families, leading to better educational outcomes and improved health for future generations.

Economic empowerment is a foundational aspect of many humanitarian efforts aimed at women. Programs that provide skill development, financial resources, and entrepreneurial opportunities help women break the cycle of poverty. 
The Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) has been instrumental in addressing the socioeconomic challenges faced by vulnerable communities in Nigeria. Through strategic partnerships and interventions such as the REAP project, the 4GATES project, ACHIEVE project, and the MICSEP project, CFHI, in collaboration with the U.S Embassy, Abuja, Catholic Caritas Foundation of Nigeria. Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria (IHVN), and Global Philanthropy Alliance (GPA) has made significant strides in transforming lives, especially among vulnerable women, by providing them with the tools and resources necessary to break the cycle of poverty.
Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.
REFERENCES

1.	World Bank. (2021). “Empowering Women: Key to Economic Growth and Social Development.” Retrieved from World Bank website.

2.	UNESCO. (2020). “Education for Women and Girls.” Retrieved from UNESCO website.

3.	Retrieved from https://www.cfhinitiative.org/ongoing-projects/.

4.	Retrieved from  (CFHI, n.d.)

			
		  SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH HUMANITARIAN ACTIONS Read More »
		
					

	

 
	


		
	
		
MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON BREAST CANCER OVERVIEW-CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS
		
			Monday Health Burst, WHO, World Breastfeeding Week / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, with significant impact on health, families, and communities.¹
Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast tissue begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor that can be felt as a lump or detected through imaging. While most breast cancers are invasive, meaning they have spread from the original ducts or lobules into surrounding breast tissue, there are also non-invasive types that remain confined to the ducts or lobules.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of breast cancer is not fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified. Approximately 5-10% of breast cancers are linked to inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Women with these mutations have a significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer.² Also, prolonged exposure to estrogen and progesterone, whether through early menstruation, late menopause, or hormone replacement therapy, can increase the risk of breast cancer. Additional risk factors are:
Age: The risk of breast cancer increases with age, with most cases diagnosed in women over 50.
Family History: Women with a close relative (mother, sister, daughter) who has had breast cancer are at higher risk.
Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and lack of physical activity are modifiable risk factors that can contribute to breast cancer development.
Radiation Exposure: Women who have been exposed to radiation, particularly to the chest area, have an increased risk of breast cancer.
Early detection of breast cancer significantly improves the chances of successful treatment. However, symptoms can vary widely, and some women may not experience any noticeable symptoms at all. Common signs to watch for include:
Lump in the Breast or Underarm: A persistent lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area is often the first sign of breast cancer. Not all lumps are cancerous, but they should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Changes in Breast Shape or Size: Any unexplained change in the shape, size, or appearance of the breast should be taken seriously.
Nipple Changes: This includes inversion (pulling inward of the nipple), discharge (other than breast milk), or unusual scaling or redness.
Skin Changes: Dimpling, puckering, or redness of the skin over the breast, as well as any changes in texture, can be symptoms of breast cancer.
Breast Pain: While breast pain is more commonly associated with benign conditions, persistent or unexplained pain should be investigated.
Awareness of the causes and symptoms of breast cancer is key to early detection and successful treatment. Regular self-examinations, clinical breast exams, and mammograms are essential tools for catching breast cancer early. If you notice any changes in your breast, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider promptly. Understanding your risk factors and leading a healthy lifestyle can also help reduce the risk of developing breast cancer.
References

https://www.wcrf.org/cancer-trends/breast-cancer-statistics/
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention/breast-cancer-risk-factors-you-cannot-change.html


 
			
		  MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON BREAST CANCER OVERVIEW-CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS Read More »
		
					

	

 
	


		
	
		
SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON RAISING EMPOWERED GIRLS: ADDRESSING GENDER BIAS AND VIOLENCE IN YOUTHS
		
			Speak Wednesday, Women / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				Gender bias remains a pervasive issue that manifests in various aspects of a girl’s life, from education and employment opportunities to healthcare and social expectations. These biases often result in unequal treatment, limiting girls’ potential and contributing to systemic disadvantages. According to a 2020 report by UNESCO, over 130 million girls worldwide are out of school due to factors like poverty, cultural norms, and violence. 
Gender-based violence (GBV), including domestic violence, sexual harassment, and harmful practices like child marriage, further exacerbates these challenges. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that one in three women globally has experienced physical or sexual violence, predominantly by an intimate partner. For young girls, the consequences are devastating, affecting their mental and physical health, educational attainment, and future opportunities.
Education is a powerful tool in combating gender bias and violence. Empowering girls with education not only enhance their individual potential but also promotes gender equality in society. Educated girls are more likely to advocate for their rights, delay marriage, and pursue careers, contributing positively to their communities. 
Economic empowerment also plays a key role in raising empowered girls. Providing girls with opportunities for vocational training and access to financial resources can help them achieve independence and gain control over their lives. This not only benefits the girls themselves but also contributes to broader social and economic development.
The importance of addressing gender bias and violence against girls cannot be overstated. Empowering girls is not just about ensuring their rights and well-being; it is also about building stronger, more equitable societies. When girls are educated, healthy, and free from violence, they are more likely to contribute to their communities and economies, leading to broader social and economic benefits.
Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.
#SpeakWednesday #GirlChildEmpowerment #GirlsEducation #EqualityForAll #GenderEquality #GenderBias
 
References
1. UNESCO. (2020). Global Education Monitoring Report 2020: Inclusion and Education – All Means All*. Retrieved from [UNESCO](https://en.unesco.org/gem-report/report/2020/inclusion).
2. World Health Organization. (2021). Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018. Retrieved from [WHO](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240022256).
3. UNICEF. (2022). Gender Action Plan 2022-2025: Addressing Gender Inequality for Every Child. Retrieved from [UNICEF](https://www.unicef.org/reports/gender-action-plan-2022-2025).
4. Global Fund for Women. (2021). Advancing Gender Justice: The Power of Women-Led Movements. Retrieved from [Global Fund for Women] (https://www.globalfundforwomen.org/).
 

			
		  SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON RAISING EMPOWERED GIRLS: ADDRESSING GENDER BIAS AND VIOLENCE IN YOUTHS Read More »
		
					

	

 
	


		
	
		
SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON LEGAL RIGHTS AND REALITIES: PROTECTING BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS IN NIGERIA
		
			Speak Wednesday, Women, World Breastfeeding Week / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				Breastfeeding is a fundamental right and a crucial aspect of infant health, but breastfeeding mothers often face challenges in public spaces and workplaces. Despite the significant benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and child, public stigma and discrimination against breastfeeding mothers remain prevalent. This social issue not only undermines the health and well-being of children but also infringes on the rights of mothers.
In Nigeria, legal protections exist to support nursing mothers, yet many mothers face discrimination and lack of support when attempting to breastfeed in public spaces or workplaces.
Many employers, particularly in the private sector, are either unaware of these laws or choose to ignore them. The informal sector, where a large percentage of Nigerian women work, is even less regulated, leaving many nursing mothers without legal protection.
Also, breastfeeding in public can provoke a range of reactions, from mild discomfort to outright hostility. Many mothers report feeling judged, embarrassed, or even harassed when they breastfeed outside the privacy of their homes.
Nigeria has made strides in establishing legal frameworks to protect breastfeeding mothers. They include:

Labour Act (S.54): This Act mandates that breastfeeding nursing workers are entitled to breastfeeding breaks of at least 30 minutes twice a day.
The Child Rights Act of 2003 provides that children have the right to be breastfed.
National Policy on Infant and Young Child Feeding: This policy promotes exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months and continued breastfeeding up to two years or beyond, ensuring mothers have the support needed.
Public Health Laws: Various health policies emphasize the importance of breastfeeding and the need to create conducive environments for nursing mothers.

Although Nigeria has taken steps to protect breastfeeding mothers through the above legal frameworks, involving stronger legal protections, better enforcement, and cultural change are required. Furthermore, educating both employers and the public about the importance of breastfeeding and the legal rights of nursing mothers can reduce stigma and improve compliance.
It’s time to celebrate and support the natural act of breastfeeding, ensuring that no mother feels ashamed or discriminated against for nurturing her child in public or at work.
Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.
#SpeakWednesday #BreastfeedingRights #HealthyBabiesHealthyNation #GenderEquality #GenderBias
REFERENCES:

Labour Act (Cap L1 LFN 2004):

   – Nigerian Labour Act. (2004). Available at: [ILO Database of Labour Legislation] (https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/42156/67562/E90NGA01.htm).

National Policy on Infant and Young Child Feeding:

   – Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria. (2010). National Policy on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Nigeria. Available at: [Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria] (https://www.health.gov.ng/doc/IYCF_policy_2010.pdf).

Public Health Laws:

   – Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria. (2005). National Health Policy. Available at: [Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria] (https://www.health.gov.ng/index.php/documents/category/22-policies).

Impact of Public Stigma:

   – World Health Organization. (2020). Breastfeeding. Available at: [WHO] (https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding#tab=tab_1).
   – Nigerian Health Watch. (2018). Challenges of Breastfeeding in Nigeria. Available at: [Nigerian Health Watch] (https://nigeriahealthwatch.com/challenges-of-breastfeeding-in-nigeria/).
 

 
 
			
		  SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON LEGAL RIGHTS AND REALITIES: PROTECTING BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS IN NIGERIA Read More »
		
					

	

 
	


		
	
		
MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON  VIRAL HEPATITIS – VACCINE AND TREATMENT
		
			#ViralHepatitis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Monday Health Burst / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				Hepatitis, a viral infection affecting the liver, poses significant global health challenges with various strains leading to potentially severe consequences. Vaccination has proven to be a critical tool in preventing the spread of Hepatitis A and B, while advancements in medical treatments offer hope for those afflicted with Hepatitis C.
Hepatitis A

Vaccine:

The Hepatitis A vaccine is highly effective and is recommended for children over one year of age, travelers to regions with high Hepatitis A rates, and individuals with chronic liver disease. The vaccine is administered in two doses six months apart.
Treatment:

There is no specific treatment for Hepatitis A, as it typically resolves on its own. Supportive care includes rest, hydration, and maintaining a nutritious diet. Patients are advised to avoid alcohol and drugs that can further harm the liver.
Hepatitis B

Vaccine:

The Hepatitis B vaccine is crucial for preventing infection and is administered in a series of three or four shots over six months. It is recommended for all infants at birth, healthcare workers, and individuals at higher risk of exposure.
Treatment:

According to the CDC, there is currently no medication for acute hepatitis B. For mild symptoms, doctors recommend rest, proper nutrition, and adequate hydration. In cases of severe symptoms, hospitalization may be necessary 1. Chronic Hepatitis B may require antiviral medications to reduce liver damage and the risk of liver cancer. Common antivirals include entecavir and tenofovir. Regular monitoring and liver function tests are essential for managing the condition.
Hepatitis C

Vaccine:

Currently, there is no vaccine for Hepatitis C, making prevention through other means, such as safe injection practices and blood screening, vital.
Treatment:

Hepatitis C treatment has advanced significantly with the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). These medications can cure most cases of Hepatitis C, typically within 8 to 12 weeks. Common DAAs include sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, and velpatasvir. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Vaccination remains a key preventive measure for Hepatitis A and B, while effective treatments are available for managing and curing Hepatitis B and C. Public health efforts focus on increasing vaccine coverage, improving access to treatments, and promoting safe practices to reduce the incidence of hepatitis infections globally.
REFERENCE:

https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/treatment/index.html

			
		  MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON  VIRAL HEPATITIS – VACCINE AND TREATMENT Read More »
		
					

	

 
	


		
	
		
OVERVIEW OF HEPATITIS B; CAUSES, TRANSMISSION AND SYMPTOMS
		
			#ViralHepatitis, Monday Health Burst, WHO / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. The hepatitis B virus is highly infectious and can survive outside the body for at least seven days, maintaining its ability to infect. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, hepatitis B remains a major public health challenge.
According to WHO estimates, 254 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B infection in 2022, with 1.2 million new infections occurring annually.¹
Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal fluids. Common routes of transmission include:

Mother to Child: The most common mode of transmission globally. If a mother is infected with HBV, the virus can be transmitted to the baby during childbirth.
Sexual Contact: Unprotected sex with an infected partner can lead to transmission of the virus.
Sharing Needles: Using contaminated needles or syringes, especially among intravenous drug users, is a significant risk factor.
Blood Transfusions and Medical Procedures: Receiving blood products or undergoing medical procedures with non-sterile equipment can lead to infection.
Household Transmission: Sharing personal items like razors or toothbrushes with an infected person can also spread the virus.

The symptoms of hepatitis B can vary from mild to severe and typically appear 1 to 4 months after exposure to the virus. They include:

Fatigue
Fever
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain, particularly near the liver
Dark urine
Clay-colored stools
Joint pain
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

In many cases, especially in children, hepatitis B may be asymptomatic, meaning the infected person shows no symptoms.
Over the past five years, CFHI’s hepatitis vaccination campaigns have reached over 5,000 individuals in Nigeria. CFHI joined the global VH Elimination efforts during the 2018 World Hepatitis Day (WHD) to ‘find the missing million.’ In Obi, Nasarawa state, a community with a high prevalence of Hepatitis B and C infections, over 150 people were tested for Hepatitis B and C, and more than 200 individuals received education on viral hepatitis. Also in 2022, CFHI collaborated with Kagini Primary Health Care Centre to commemorate World Hepatitis Day, 2022. Over 100 people were reached and educated about hepatitis and out of those tested, 95 were negative and 5 were positive.
Hepatitis B is a preventable but potentially life-threatening liver infection. Understanding its transmission routes, recognizing symptoms early, and practicing preventive measures are crucial in managing and reducing the spread of hepatitis B. Vaccination remains the most effective tool in preventing HBV infection.
 
Reference:
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b

 
			
		  OVERVIEW OF HEPATITIS B; CAUSES, TRANSMISSION AND SYMPTOMS Read More »
		
					

	

 
	

Pages:
«
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
...
31
»