cfhinitiative

MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF TOBACCO

Drug Abuse, Monday Health Burst, WHO / cfhinitiative

Tobacco use remains one of the leading causes of preventable disease and death worldwide. Despite extensive public health campaigns and increasing awareness, millions of people continue to use tobacco in various forms, exposing themselves to numerous health risks.¹ Some of the health implications include;

Cardiovascular Disease

Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease. Nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco, raises blood pressure and heart rate, putting extra strain on the heart. Additionally, carbon monoxide from cigarette smoke reduces the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity, further exacerbating the risk of heart disease. Smokers are 2 to 4 times more likely to develop heart disease than non-smokers.²

Respiratory Disorders

The respiratory system is directly exposed to the harmful effects of tobacco smoke, leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. The tar and chemicals in tobacco smoke damage the airways and alveoli, causing inflammation, reduced lung function, and chronic respiratory symptoms. Long-term smokers often experience breathlessness, persistent coughing, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections.

Cancer

Tobacco use is the leading cause of cancer and cancer-related deaths. It is responsible for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases, the deadliest form of cancer.³ Beyond lung cancer, tobacco use is also linked to cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, kidney, cervix, and stomach. The carcinogens in tobacco smoke cause mutations in DNA, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor development.

Impact on Oral Health

Tobacco use significantly affects oral health, causing gum disease, tooth loss, and oral cancers. Smokers are more prone to periodontal disease, which can lead to tooth loss if untreated. The chemicals in tobacco also reduce the blood flow to the gums, impairing healing and making the mouth more susceptible to infections.

Reproductive Health Issues

Tobacco use can adversely affect reproductive health in both men and women. In women, it increases the risk of infertility, complications during pregnancy, and adverse outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Men who smoke may experience reduced sperm quality, erectile dysfunction, and decreased fertility.

Secondhand Smoke

The dangers of tobacco are not limited to users themselves. Secondhand smoke, which is the smoke exhaled by smokers and the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, is a serious health hazard. Non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of heart disease, respiratory infections, and cancer. Children exposed to secondhand smoke are particularly vulnerable, experiencing higher rates of asthma, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and ear infections. According to the World Health Organization, tobacco kills more than 8 million people per year, including an estimated 1.3 million nonsmokers who are exposed to second-hand smoke.⁴

In 2023, the Centre for Family Health Initiative, through the Community Action against Drug misuse (CAADA) project, conducted a road walk in the Dawaki, Dutse Alhaji, and Dutse Sokale areas, educating over 200 youths about the hazards of drug misuse.

The health implications of tobacco use are extensive and severe, affecting virtually every organ in the body and leading to numerous preventable diseases and deaths. Despite these known risks, tobacco addiction continues to pose a significant public health challenge. Combating this issue requires ongoing education, stronger regulatory measures, and support for individuals trying to quit. By reducing tobacco use, we can improve health outcomes and save millions of lives each year.

REFERENCES:

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ARTICLE ON STRATEGIES FOR REPORTING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA

Gender Based Violence, Speak Wednesday / cfhinitiative

Gender-based violence is a grave violation of human rights that affects predominantly women and girls. Reporting GBV is crucial in obtaining justice, support, and protection. However, many victims are often unsure about how to report their experiences or which authorities to approach. This lack of knowledge can hinder access to necessary resources and justice. Understanding the various strategies and resources available for reporting GBV in Nigeria is essential for empowering survivors and ensuring they receive the support they need.

Key Reporting Channels and Resources

Legal Assistance

Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act (VAPP): This law provides a legal framework for addressing various forms of GBV. Survivors should seek legal assistance to understand their rights under the VAPP Act.
NAPTIP (National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons): NAPTIP provides legal and rehabilitative support for survivors of human trafficking and GBV. They have a dedicated helpline (0703 0000 203) for reporting incidents.

Authorities in Charge

Nigerian Police Force: Survivors can report GBV incidents to the nearest police station. The police are obligated to investigate and provide protection to survivors. Specialized units, such as the Gender Desk in police stations, are trained to handle GBV cases sensitively.
Ministry of Women Affairs: This ministry is crucial in coordinating responses to GBV and supporting survivors. It collaborates with various national and international partners to improve reporting mechanisms and survivor support services.

Helplines and Emergency Services

National GBV Helpline: The Federal Ministry of Women Affairs, supported by the EU-UN Spotlight Initiative, has established the ReportGBV.ng platform. This includes a 24/7 helpline (0800 3333 3333) where survivors can report incidents and receive immediate support (ReportGBV) (Spotlight Initiative).
Emergency Services: In urgent situations, survivors should contact local police or emergency medical services. It’s crucial to have emergency contacts readily available.

Supportive Organizations

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): Numerous NGOs offer legal aid and advocacy for women and girls facing violence. They also conduct awareness programs to educate the public about GBV and its impact. (ReportGBV) Survivors can approach these organizations for help navigating the legal system, understanding their rights, counselling, and legal assistance.

Reporting GBV is essential for accessing justice and support. Survivors in Nigeria have various channels and resources available, from helplines and legal assistance to supportive organizations and online platforms. By leveraging these resources and addressing the barriers to reporting, we can create a safer environment for all and work towards eradicating GBV.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

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MONDAY HEALTH ON IMPACT OF LACK OF MENSTRUAL PRODUCT ON MENTAL HEALTH

Monday Health Burst, WHO / cfhinitiative

Menstrual hygiene is a crucial aspect of health for individuals who menstruate, yet millions around the world face significant challenges in accessing necessary products and facilities. On any given day, more than 300 million women worldwide are menstruating. In total, an estimated 500 million lack access to menstrual products and adequate facilities for menstrual hygiene management (MHM).¹ The absence of adequate menstrual hygiene products not only affects physical health but also has profound implications for mental health.

Menstruation is often shrouded in stigma and taboo, leading to feelings of shame and embarrassment. Inadequate access to menstrual hygiene products exacerbates this stigma, forcing many individuals to use ineffective alternatives like old clothes, rags, or even paper, which can be uncomfortable and unreliable. This situation often results in leaks and odors, further stigmatizing the individual. The fear of being judged or ridiculed can lead to social isolation, where individuals avoid school, work, or social interactions, perpetuating a cycle of exclusion and loneliness.

The lack of menstrual hygiene products is a significant barrier to education for young girls. Many miss several days of school each month or drop out entirely due to the unavailability of adequate facilities and products. This educational disruption has long-term consequences, including diminished career opportunities and economic instability, which can contribute to chronic stress and anxiety. The constant worry about managing menstruation in public spaces further compounds the mental health burden.

Furthermore, using unsuitable alternatives to sanitary products can cause physical discomfort and health issues, including infections. The constant battle with discomfort and the potential for health complications can create a persistent state of anxiety and stress. The fear of potential health problems and the inability to maintain basic hygiene can severely impact self-esteem and overall mental health.

The recurring monthly challenge of managing menstruation without proper products creates a relentless emotional strain. The inability to afford or access menstrual products can evoke feelings of helplessness, frustration, and inadequacy. For those already struggling with poverty, the added financial burden of purchasing menstrual products can lead to heightened stress and anxiety. The emotional toll of constantly worrying about menstrual hygiene can diminish overall quality of life and lead to more severe mental health issues, such as depression.

Effective menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is crucial for empowering women and girls to reach their full potential. Poor menstrual health and hygiene have far-reaching negative impacts across various sectors. Consequently, the Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) employs a comprehensive approach to improving menstrual hygiene in its operations within vulnerable communities in Nigeria.

Over the years, CFHI has provided SafePad^TMfor more than 2000 vulnerable women and girls in underserved communities. We have partnered with many organizations to commemorate Menstrual Hygiene day by campaigning and raising awareness against period poverty, providing education on menstrual hygiene, and distributing free SafePad^TM

The impact of lacking menstrual hygiene products extends far beyond physical discomfort, deeply affecting mental health and overall well-being. Addressing this issue is not only a matter of public health but also of human rights and gender equality. By ensuring that everyone has access to the necessary menstrual hygiene products and education, we can alleviate significant mental health burdens and promote a healthier, more inclusive society.

Reference:

https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/brief/menstrual-health-and-hygiene¹

https://mailchi.mp/b838e480faa1/cfhi-prioritizing-menstrual-hygeine-in-nigeria

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON INFLUENZA – PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are approximately one billion cases of seasonal influenza each year, leading to 3–5 million instances of severe disease. Tragically, this results in 290,000–650,000 respiratory deaths annually. ¹

Influenza, or the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses, capable of causing mild to severe illness and, in some cases, even death. Seasonal influenza outbreaks are common worldwide, particularly during colder months. However, there are effective preventive measures available to greatly minimize the risk of contracting and spreading the flu.

Vaccination:

Getting an annual influenza vaccine is the most effective way to prevent the flu and its complications. The vaccine stimulates your immune system to produce antibodies against the virus strains included in the vaccine, providing protection throughout the flu season. It’s important to get vaccinated each year as the circulating flu strains can change.

Hand Hygiene:

Frequent handwashing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers is crucial in preventing the spread of influenza viruses. Viruses can live on surfaces for hours, and touching these surfaces and then touching your face can lead to infection. Make it a habit to wash your hands thoroughly, especially before eating or touching your face.

Respiratory Hygiene:

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets containing the virus. Dispose of tissues immediately and wash your hands afterward. Avoid close contact with people who are sick, and if you are sick, stay home to prevent spreading the virus to others.

Boosting Immunity:

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can strengthen your immune system and help fight off infections. This includes eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, staying hydrated, getting regular exercise, managing stress levels, and getting enough sleep. A healthy immune system is better equipped to defend against influenza viruses.

Avoid Touching Your Face:

Influenza viruses can enter your body through your eyes, nose, or mouth. Avoid touching your face, particularly with unwashed hands, to reduce the risk of infection. If you do need to touch your face, ensure your hands are clean.

High-Risk Individuals:

Certain groups are at higher risk of developing complications from the flu, including young children, pregnant women, older adults, and those with underlying health conditions. It’s particularly important for these individuals to get vaccinated and take extra precautions to avoid exposure to the virus. ²

Preventing influenza requires a combination of personal hygiene practices, vaccination, and healthy lifestyle choices. By adopting these preventive measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of getting infected with the flu and protect both yourself and those around you from this contagious illness.

References

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal)

https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/whoshouldvax.htm

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON HOW TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES CONTRIBUTE TO A CULTURE OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS

Gender Based Violence, Speak Wednesday / cfhinitiative

Gender-based violence is a pervasive global issue rooted in entrenched social norms and power structures. gender roles play an important role in perpetuating a culture where violence against women and girls is normalized, tolerated, and even condoned.

At the heart of traditional gender roles lies the concept of patriarchy, where men hold primary power and authority while women are relegated to subordinate positions. Patriarchal societies uphold rigid gender norms that dictate women’s subservience, passivity, and dependence on men. This power dynamic not only reinforces the belief that men are entitled to control women but also justifies violence as a means of asserting dominance and maintaining control.

According to UN Women, patriarchal norms perpetuate violence against women by fostering a culture of impunity for perpetrators and silencing survivors. The prioritization of male honour over the rights and well-being of women and girls further exacerbates the prevalence of violence in such societies.

From a young age, girls are socialized into prescribed gender roles that dictate acceptable behaviours, interests, and aspirations based on their gender. UNICEF emphasizes that gender stereotypes perpetuate harmful attitudes and beliefs that contribute to the normalization of violence against women and girls. Boys are conditioned to equate masculinity with dominance, aggression, and control, while girls are taught to prioritize compliance, submission, and caretaking roles.

These gendered expectations create a fertile ground for the justification and perpetration of violence. Boys who don’t fit the mould of the stereotypical masculine may become the target of bullying and social exclusion, which makes them turn to violence as a way to maintain their masculinity and social standing. Similarly, girls who challenge gender norms may face backlash and punishment, further reinforcing the cycle of violence and oppression.

In conclusion, traditional gender roles play a significant role in perpetuating a culture of violence against women and girls by reinforcing patriarchal power dynamics, perpetuating harmful stereotypes, exacerbating economic disparities, and intersecting with other forms of discrimination. It is crucial to question and alter these deeply ingrained gender norms, empower women and girls, and advance gender equality at all societal levels to effectively confront and prevent violence.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

#SpeakWednesday #GenderRoles #StopGBV #StopGenderStereotype #Girlsrights #WomenRights #genderequality #genderbias

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

Monday Health Burst, WHO / cfhinitiative

Pregnancy is typically viewed as a joyous and natural event, but sometimes complications can arise that require urgent medical attention. One such complication is an ectopic pregnancy, a condition that can pose serious risks to a woman’s health and requires timely intervention.

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. However, it can also occur in other areas such as the cervix, ovary, or abdominal cavity. Since these locations are not designed to support the growth of a developing embryo, an ectopic pregnancy cannot progress normally and poses serious risks to the mother. Ectopic pregnancies occur in about 2% of all pregnancies.¹

Recognizing the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy is crucial for prompt medical intervention. Common symptoms include:

Abdominal or Pelvic Pain: Sharp, stabbing pain in the abdomen or pelvis is a hallmark symptom. The pain may be localized on one side.

Vaginal Bleeding: Light to heavy vaginal bleeding may occur, often different from normal menstruation.

Shoulder Tip Pain: This can be a sign of internal bleeding and occurs when blood irritates nerves around the diaphragm, causing referred pain to the shoulder tip.

Weakness, Dizziness, or Fainting: These symptoms can indicate significant internal bleeding and require immediate medical attention.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or pain during bowel movements.

The majority of ectopic pregnancies occur due to conditions that hinder the normal movement of the egg through the fallopian tube.² This can be attributed to various factors:

Previous Pelvic Surgery: Scar tissue, adhesions, or inflammation resulting from past pelvic surgeries can impede the egg’s journey through the fallopian tube.

Fallopian Tube Damage: Damage to the fallopian tubes, often caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can disrupt the egg’s passage.

Irregular Fallopian Tube Shape: Some individuals are born with fallopian tubes that have irregular shapes, which can interfere with the egg’s movement.

Blockages: The presence of growths or obstructions within the fallopian tube can physically prevent the egg from traveling towards the uterus, leading to an ectopic pregnancy.

Several factors increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy:

Previous Ectopic Pregnancy: Women who have had one ectopic pregnancy are at increased risk of another.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea can lead to inflammation and scarring of the fallopian tubes.

Previous Abdominal or Pelvic Surgery: Surgeries such as cesarean section or surgery to the fallopian tubes can increase the risk.

Smoking: Women who smoke have a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is crucial to prevent life-threatening complications. Diagnostic methods include ultrasound imaging and blood tests to measure pregnancy hormone levels.

Ectopic pregnancy is a serious condition that requires swift medical attention. Knowing the symptoms and risk factors can help women seek timely care and improve outcomes. With advances in medical technology, most women who experience an ectopic pregnancy can go on to have successful pregnancies in the future, but early detection and treatment are essential. If you suspect an ectopic pregnancy or experience any concerning symptoms, do not hesitate to seek medical advice promptly.

References

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IMPORTANCE OF VACCINES

Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Vaccines are one of the most effective tools we have to prevent infectious diseases and safeguard public health. They have played a crucial role in reducing the burden of numerous illnesses, preventing millions of deaths globally, and improving overall quality of life.1 Despite their proven benefits, there can be misconceptions and hesitancy surrounding vaccines. Understanding the importance of vaccines is essential for promoting individual and community well-being.

1. Disease Prevention

Vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens, such as viruses or bacteria. By receiving a vaccine, the body can develop immunity against these pathogens without experiencing the full-blown disease. This process not only protects vaccinated individuals but also helps to prevent the spread of infectious diseases within communities.

2. Eradication and Control of Diseases

Historically, vaccines have been instrumental in eradicating or significantly reducing the prevalence of infectious diseases. For instance, smallpox was eradicated globally through vaccination efforts, and diseases like polio and measles have been controlled in many parts of the world due to widespread vaccination campaigns.

3. Protecting Vulnerable Populations

Vaccination is especially important for vulnerable populations, including infants, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems. These individuals are at higher risk of severe complications from vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccinating a significant portion of the population creates “herd immunity,” which helps protect those who cannot be vaccinated due to medical reasons.

Angwan Guragu, Karonmajiji, locally known as Unguwar Guragu, translating to “a community of disabled people,” comprises of closely packed shanties accommodating over 500 vulnerable inhabitants with diverse disabilities. On April 25, in commemoration of World Immunization week 2023, Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) partnered with the Primary Healthcare Center in Angwan Guragu, Karonmajiji to conducted a comprehensive program that included awareness sessions, immunization, and vaccination services aimed at addressing the healthcare needs of this population comprehensively, with a focus on prevention, education, and empowerment, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes and quality of life for this vulnerable group. Over 50 individuals, including both adults and children, benefited from this initiative, ensuring they received essential vaccinations to protect against preventable diseases. This collaborative effort highlights the importance of community engagement and healthcare partnerships in promoting immunization and safeguarding public health.

4. Prevention of Outbreaks

Vaccines play a critical role in preventing disease outbreaks. When vaccination rates decline, as seen in certain communities with vaccine hesitancy, outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases can occur. Recent measles outbreaks in various parts of the world highlight the consequences of falling vaccination rates.

5. Cost-Effective Public Health Measure

Vaccination programs are highly cost-effective compared to the costs associated with treating infectious diseases. Vaccinating individuals against preventable diseases reduces healthcare expenditures related to hospitalizations, treatments, and long-term care for complications.

Vaccines are a cornerstone of public health, saving countless lives and preventing widespread suffering. Emphasizing the importance of vaccination through education, access to vaccines, and strong public health policies is essential for protecting individuals and communities from infectious diseases. By ensuring high vaccination rates and addressing vaccine hesitancy, we can continue to reap the benefits of vaccines and build healthier societies.

Join CFHI’s “Monday Health Burst” initiative on all social media platforms for weekly discussions on basic health concern.

References.

https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/ensuringsafety/history/index.html

https://www.who.int/news/item/16-11-2023-global-measles-threat-continues-to-grow-as-another-year-passes-with-millions-of-chil

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EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL ABUSE ON WOMEN AND GIRLS

Gender Based Violence, Speak Wednesday / cfhinitiative

Emotional abuse is a pervasive form of violence that often goes unrecognized but leaves deep scars on its victims, particularly women and girls. According to UNICEF, emotional abuse encompasses behaviours such as verbal threats, intimidation, isolation, and manipulation, all of which undermine an individual’s sense of self-worth and well-being.

Emotional abuse encompasses a range of behaviours designed to undermine an individual’s sense of self-worth, autonomy, and agency. It can manifest in various forms such as verbal threats, insults, humiliation, manipulation, isolation, and controlling behaviours. Unlike physical abuse, emotional abuse leaves no visible bruises but inflicts deep psychological wounds that can be equally devastating.

Emotional abuse targets a person’s psychological and emotional well-being, eroding their confidence, autonomy, and mental health. It can occur in various settings, including intimate relationships, families, workplaces, and communities.
The WHO emphasizes that emotional abuse can lead to a range of mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation. The constant belittling, manipulation, and invalidation experienced by victims can result in severe emotional distress and trauma, affecting their ability to function in daily life.

Emotional abuse is intricately linked to broader patterns of gender-based violence, reflecting power imbalances and societal norms that devalue women and girls. It often intersects with other forms of abuse, such as physical violence, sexual coercion, and economic control, creating complex challenges for survivors seeking safety and support. ~ UN Women

Research cited by UNICEF underscores the long-term consequences of emotional abuse, including difficulties in forming trusting relationships, challenges in parenting, and increased vulnerability to re-victimization. These effects can persist into adulthood, shaping individuals’ life trajectories and well-being

Emotional abuse is a pervasive yet often hidden form of violence that profoundly impacts women and girls’ lives. It is therefore imperative to amplify voices, raise awareness, and advocate for policies and interventions that prevent and address emotional abuse, ensuring a safer and more equitable world for women and girls everywhere

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

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VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES

Uncategorized / cfhinitiative

Millions of lives are saved annually by vaccination, making it a success story in global health and development. Vaccines lower the chance of contracting an illness by enhancing your body’s defenses against infection.1

Vaccination also reduces the risk of spreading the diseases among family members, school mates or colleagues, friends and neighbours, as well as to other people in the community.2 However, despite their proven efficacy, vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) continue to pose significant challenges globally, underscoring the importance of vaccination efforts.

VPDs are illnesses that can be effectively prevented through vaccination. These diseases range from relatively common infections like influenza and measles to more severe conditions such as polio and hepatitis. While some VPDs have been largely eradicated in certain regions due to successful vaccination campaigns, others remain prevalent, particularly in areas with limited access to healthcare and vaccination programs.

Measles, for example, once considered eliminated in many developed countries, has seen a resurgence in recent years due to gaps in vaccine coverage and hesitancy.3 The highly contagious nature of measles underscores the importance of high vaccination rates to achieve herd immunity, protecting vulnerable populations such as infants who are too young to be vaccinated and individuals with compromised immune systems.

Polio serves as another stark reminder of the importance of vaccination. While significant progress has been made in reducing polio cases globally, the disease remains endemic in a few countries. Efforts to eradicate polio entirely continue, highlighting the necessity of sustained vaccination efforts and international cooperation. In Nigeria, the Nigeria Polio Lab Sample Transport (PLST) Project sought to contribute to Goal 2 – Stop poliovirus transmission and prevent outbreaks in non-endemic countries – of the Global Polio Eradication Strategy 2022 -2026. It focused on increasing the speed of detection and precision surveillance system.4, 5.

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, poses a yearly challenge due to its ability to mutate rapidly, necessitating annual vaccination campaigns. While influenza vaccines may not offer complete immunity, they significantly reduce the severity of illness and lower the risk of complications, especially among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and individuals with chronic health conditions.6

Hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines represent notable advancements in preventing certain types of cancer. Hepatitis B vaccination at birth has significantly reduced the incidence of chronic hepatitis B infection and liver cancer, while HPV vaccination has led to a decrease in HPV-related cancers, including cervical cancer. In 2023, CFHI with support from the National Primary Healthcare Development Agency (NPHCDA), Women Advocates for Vaccine Access (WAVA), and other stakeholders, trained and equipped 10 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine champions from Kurudu ward in Bwari Area Council on demand generation, sensitization, and referral for HPV Vaccine Uptake in Kurudu Community. As of December 2023, about 4000 people were sensitized, and 2300 girls were mobilized for HPV vaccination in Kurudu ward.7

Vaccine hesitancy, fueled by misinformation and mistrust, poses a significant obstacle to achieving optimal vaccine coverage. Addressing vaccine hesitancy requires comprehensive public health education efforts to dispel myths and misconceptions, build trust in vaccines, and emphasize their safety and efficacy based on scientific evidence.

Furthermore, ensuring equitable access to vaccines is essential to reducing disparities in disease burden and achieving global health security. Efforts to improve vaccine distribution infrastructure, strengthen healthcare systems, and address socioeconomic barriers are critical in reaching underserved communities and achieving universal vaccine coverage.
Join CFHI’s “Monday Health Burst” initiative on all social media platforms for weekly discussions on basic health concern.

References:

https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1

https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/vaccine-preventable-diseases

https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1

https://www.cfhinitiative.org/ongoing-projects/

https://www.cfhinitiative.org/media-releases/annual-reports/cfhi-annual-report-2022-2/

https://www.who.int/news/item/29-11-2018-measles-cases-spike-globally-due-to-gaps-in-vaccination-coverage

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal)

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON SYMPTOMS AND TRANSMISSION OF MALARIA

Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. According to recent data, an estimated 249 million cases of malaria were documented globally in 2022, with 608 000 malaria deaths reported across 85 countries. 1

Symptoms of Malaria:

Fever: One of the hallmark symptoms of malaria is a high fever, often accompanied by chills and sweating. The fever may come and go in cycles, depending on the type of Plasmodium parasite causing the infection.

Headaches and Body Aches: Malaria infection typically causes severe headaches and body aches, which can be debilitating.

Nausea and Vomiting: Many individuals with malaria experience nausea, vomiting, and sometimes diarrhea.

Fatigue: Malaria can cause extreme fatigue and weakness, making it difficult to carry out daily activities.

Jaundice: In severe cases, malaria can lead to jaundice, characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to liver dysfunction.

Anemia: The destruction of red blood cells by the Plasmodium parasite can lead to anemia, resulting in weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

Other Symptoms: Some individuals may experience symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and confusion, particularly in severe cases of malaria.

Transmission of Malaria:

Malaria is primarily spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes. It occurs when a mosquito carrying the disease from biting an infected individual then bites another person. Once inside the bloodstream, the parasites travel to the liver, where they mature before invading red blood cells.2

Over the years, CFHI has demonstrated a steadfast commitment to reducing malaria prevalence within various communities. Engaging with over 1000 individuals, our endeavors entail comprehensive education programs emphasizing the importance of environmental hygiene and the adoption of effective malaria prevention and treatment measures. Moreover, we have supplied indispensable resources like mosquito coils and mosquito nets, alongside executing large-scale community sanitation and fumigation campaigns. In observance of World Malaria Day in 2019, CFHI conducted educational sessions for over 127 residents with disabilities in the Karamajiji community of Abuja, focusing on malaria prevention and the crucial role of maintaining a hygienic environment. Additionally, we provided mosquito coils to 98 participants and organized a community-wide sanitation initiative, including fumigation efforts, to further bolster malaria prevention measures within the community.

Recognizing the symptoms and how malaria spreads is vital for prevention and treatment. Through increased awareness and the implementation of thorough control measures, we can strive to alleviate the burden of this fatal disease and enhance the health and welfare of affected communities worldwide.

References:

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/multimedia/malaria-transmission-cycle/img-20006373