cfhinitiative

SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON THE HIDDEN HEALTHCARE COSTS OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (GBV) TO VICTIMS

Gender, Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Health, Speak Wednesday / cfhinitiative

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is a health issue that affects millions of people, predominantly women and girls, across different cultures, socioeconomic statuses, and geographic locations. Beyond the immediate physical and emotional toll, GBV also imposes significant hidden healthcare costs on its victims, presenting challenges that extend far beyond the initial incident.

One of the most direct healthcare costs of GBV is medical treatment for physical injuries. Domestic abuse victims, as well as victims of other gender-based violence, such as sexual assault, frequently need emergency care, surgery, and continuous medical support. These services come with substantial financial burdens, especially for those without adequate health insurance or access to affordable healthcare.

WHO reports that victims of intimate partner violence are more likely to seek healthcare services, resulting in increased medical costs compared to non-abused individuals. The expenses include emergency room visits, hospitalisations, and treatments for physical injuries, contributing to the hidden healthcare costs of GBV.

Beyond the immediate physical consequences, GBV takes a profound toll on victims’ mental health. The enduring psychological impact of GBV on survivors, with many experiencing anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is underscored by UNICEF. The need for mental health services, including therapy and counselling, is crucial but often comes with financial barriers, adding to the overall healthcare burden.

Furthermore, children who witness violence at home are more likely to develop behavioural problems, academic challenges, and mental health disorders. This perpetuates a cycle of intergenerational trauma and escalates healthcare costs for society as a whole.

The healthcare system also bears indirect costs related to GBV, such as increased demand for emergency services, specialised care for trauma survivors, and public health interventions. These expenses strain healthcare resources and contribute to rising healthcare expenditures for individuals, insurers, and governments.

Ultimately, addressing the hidden healthcare costs of GBV requires a collective commitment from healthcare providers, policymakers, law enforcement agencies, advocacy groups, and society at large. By recognising the full extent of these costs and investing in comprehensive solutions, we can create a safer, healthier future for women.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

#SpeakWednesday #GBV #Women’srights #RightToHealth #genderequality #genderbias

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WATERBORNE DISEASES AND PREVENTION

Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Waterborne diseases pose significant health risks worldwide, particularly in regions with inadequate sanitation and clean water infrastructure. These diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that contaminate water sources, leading to illnesses when consumed or in contact with the human body.

In 2022, globally, at least 1.7 billion people use a drinking water source contaminated with faeces. Microbial contamination of drinking-water as a result of contamination with faeces poses the greatest risk to drinking-water safety.1
Common Waterborne Diseases include:

Cholera: Caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, cholera leads to severe diarrhea and dehydration. It spreads through contaminated water and food, particularly in areas with poor sanitation.

Typhoid Fever: Salmonella typhi bacteria cause this potentially fatal illness. Contaminated water and food, often in areas with inadequate sewage disposal, transmit the disease. Symptoms include high fever, stomach pain, and headache.

Hepatitis A: This viral infection affects the liver and spreads through the ingestion of contaminated water or food. Symptoms include jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain.

Dysentery: Caused by various bacteria, parasites, or viruses, dysentery results in bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. It spreads through contaminated water, particularly in areas with poor hygiene practices.

Giardiasis: The Giardia intestinalis parasite causes this diarrheal illness. Contaminated water sources, such as rivers and lakes, transmit the parasite, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, gas, and stomach cramps.

Some of the prevention strategies include having access to clean water, proper sanitation infrastructure; including sewage systems and waste disposal facilities, Promoting good hygiene practices, such as handwashing with soap and water, education campaigns on the importance of hygiene in disease prevention, water testing and monitoring, vaccination, proper food handling and fostering community engagement.

Waterborne diseases continue to pose significant health challenges globally, particularly in regions with inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. Effective prevention strategies, including ensuring access to clean water, improving sanitation infrastructure, promoting good hygiene practices, and implementing vaccination programs, are crucial in reducing the burden of waterborne illnesses. By prioritizing prevention efforts and fostering community engagement, we can work towards a healthier and safer future for all.

Reference:

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON PERIOD POVERTY AND ITS IMPACT ON GIRLS MENSTRUAL HEALTH

Gender Based Violence, Speak Wednesday, Uncategorized / cfhinitiative

Period poverty, which encapsulates the challenges of accessing menstrual products, education, and sanitary facilities, significantly affects millions of women and girls worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 500 million individuals lack adequate resources for managing menstrual hygiene.

A critical examination of period poverty reveals dire health implications. The WHO points out that inadequate menstrual hygiene management is linked to several health issues, including bacterial and reproductive tract infections, as well as urinary tract infections.
Furthermore, the United Nations has highlighted the potential of severe conditions such as toxic shock syndrome and cervical cancer stemming from the use of unsanitary menstrual materials like old rags, leaves, or newspapers.

Beyond physical health, period poverty exerts a profound impact on mental well-being. UNICEF reports that the inability to afford menstrual products often leads to feelings of humiliation and shame among girls, precipitating anxiety and depression. This emotional toll can disrupt their education, forcing some to abandon school altogether, further isolating them socially and limiting their future educational and employment opportunities. Such outcomes perpetuate a cycle of social and economic disadvantage with far-reaching implications.

Access to affordable, reusable, and safe menstrual supplies and education on menstrual health and sanitation is crucial. Governments and organizations must prioritize addressing the underlying factors contributing to period poverty. By advocating for change and enhancing awareness, period poverty can be acknowledged and addressed as the significant human rights issue it is, paving the way for a future where all women and girls can manage their menstrual health with dignity.

Today, March 20, 2024, the Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI), in collaboration with Real Relief, is hosting an event titled “Menstrual Equity and Empowerment: A Pathway to Gender Equality” at the ongoing UN Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) 68th session in New York. This event marks a significant step in raising awareness and fostering change.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.


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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON TRANSMISSION AND CAUSES OF TUBERCULOSIS
		
			Monday Health Burst, WHO / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, with millions of new cases reported each year. This infectious disease primarily affects the lungs but can also target other parts of the body. In 2022, an estimated 10.6 million people fell ill with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, including 5.8 million men, 3.5 million women and 1.3 million children. ¹
TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. The primary mode of transmission is through inhalation of airborne droplets containing the bacteria. However, not everyone exposed to TB bacteria becomes infected. Factors such as the duration and proximity of exposure, the infectiousness of the individual with TB, and the immune status of the exposed person play crucial roles in determining the likelihood of transmission. Certain environments can also facilitate TB transmission, particularly crowded and poorly ventilated spaces. Prisons, homeless shelters, refugee camps, and healthcare facilities are examples of settings where TB transmission can occur more readily.
The causes of TB include:

Bacterial Infection: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main causative agent of TB. When someone with active TB disease coughs or sneezes, they release bacteria into the air, which can then be inhaled by others.


Weak Immune System: People with weakened immune systems, such as those living with HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, or other conditions that compromise immunity, are at higher risk of developing TB. The immune system normally helps control TB infection, but when it’s weakened, the bacteria can multiply and cause active disease.


Close Contact: Close and prolonged contact with someone who has active TB increases the risk of transmission. This is why household members, close friends, and healthcare workers who care for TB patients are at higher risk.

Drug Resistance: Misuse or inadequate use of antibiotics can lead to the development of drug-resistant strains of TB. Drug-resistant TB is more challenging to treat and requires more prolonged and costly therapy. 

Social Determinants: Socioeconomic factors such as poverty, overcrowded living conditions, and limited access to healthcare contribute to the spread of TB. These factors not only increase the risk of transmission but also hinder timely diagnosis and treatment, leading to more severe disease outcomes.

Tuberculosis transmission and causes are multifaceted, involving biological, environmental, and social factors. Preventing the spread of TB requires a comprehensive approach that includes early detection, effective treatment, infection control measures, and addressing the underlying social determinants of health.
Recently, CFHI collaborated with the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (NTBLCP) and other relevant stakeholders to increase public awareness of the symptoms and significance of tuberculosis screening and treatment in Nigeria.
Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.
 
Reference:
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis

			
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CHOLERA -SYMPTOMS, PREVENTION AND CAUSES
		
			Monday Health Burst / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				Cholera, a bacterial infection caused by Vibrio cholera, has plagued humanity for centuries, leaving a trail of devastation in its wake. Despite advancements in medical science, cholera remains a significant global health concern, particularly in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water.
According to research estimates, there are between 1.3 and 4.0 million cases of cholera worldwide each year, and between 21 000 and 143 000 fatalities as a result of the disease.¹
Cholera manifests primarily through severe diarrhea and vomiting, leading to rapid dehydration. The bacterium Vibrio cholerae produces a toxin that triggers the excessive release of water and electrolytes from the intestines, resulting in watery diarrhea often described as “rice-water stool.” Without prompt intervention, severe dehydration can lead to shock, organ failure, and death.
Cholera spreads through the consumption of contaminated water or food, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation infrastructure. Human feces, containing the cholera bacterium, can contaminate water sources, leading to outbreaks, especially during natural disasters or humanitarian crises. Additionally, seafood harvested from contaminated waters can also transmit the infection if consumed raw or undercooked.
Preventing cholera hinges on improving access to clean water, ensuring proper sanitation practices, and promoting hygiene education. Communities can implement measures such as water chlorination, sewage treatment, and handwashing to reduce the risk of cholera transmission. Vaccination campaigns targeted at high-risk populations provide an additional layer of protection, particularly in endemic regions or during outbreaks.
Despite significant progress in combating cholera, challenges persist in controlling the disease, especially in resource-limited settings. Weak healthcare infrastructure, inadequate access to clean water, and population displacement due to conflict or environmental disasters exacerbate the risk of cholera outbreaks. Sustainable interventions focusing on infrastructure development, community engagement, and epidemic preparedness are essential in the ongoing fight against cholera.
Cholera remains a formidable foe, claiming thousands of lives annually and burdening healthcare systems worldwide. However, concerted efforts in prevention, early detection, and treatment have shown promising results in reducing the impact of cholera outbreaks. By addressing the root causes of the disease and implementing comprehensive strategies, we can move closer to a world where cholera is no longer a threat to public health.
As we continue to navigate the complexities of infectious diseases, let us remain vigilant in our efforts to combat cholera and to safeguard the well-being of communities globally.
Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.
Reference:
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera

			
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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON THE ROLE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE IN COMBATING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
		
			Gender Based Violence, Speak Wednesday / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				In the quest to eliminate gender-based violence (GBV), the concept of social justice serves as a cornerstone, championing not just the equitable distribution of resources but the foundational belief that every individual is entitled to equal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities.
The United Nations defined social justice as the fair and compassionate distribution of economic growth, the view that everyone deserves equal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities. This political and philosophical theory focuses on fairness in relations between individuals in society.1
At its core, GBV thrives in environments where inequality prevails, making pursuing social justice an essential pathway to its eradication. Understanding the relationship between social justice and gender-based violence is crucial to developing effective strategies to combat GBV. The absence of social justice—manifested through the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges—exacerbates socio-economic disparities, which in turn can increase instances of violence against women and other vulnerable groups. These disparities often lead to or exacerbate situations where individuals are more susceptible to violence.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) highlights economic power as one of the six pillars of GBV, pointing out that economic and financial violence—stemming from the denial of resources or actions causing economic harm—is intrinsically linked to other forms of violence against women.
As identified by UNODC, economic power underscores the fundamental causes of economic and financial violence, such as the denial of resources. These acts of economic harm are closely interwoven with various manifestations of GBV. The denial of economic opportunities, control over financial resources, and access to education not only marginalizes women but also places them at an increased risk of experiencing violence. Thus, empowering women economically and ensuring access to resources is critical in combating GBV.
The UN’s proposals to advance social justice are multifaceted, aiming at creating a society where GBV is less likely to occur. These include improving inclusive and effective governance of work, ensuring employment opportunities and lifelong learning, reforming institutions for fairer labour market outcomes, and extending social protections across peoples’ lifetimes.

The role of social justice in combating gender-based violence is undeniable. By addressing the systemic inequalities that perpetuate GBV, society can move closer to eliminating this pervasive issue. Economic empowerment, inclusive governance, fair labour practices, and comprehensive social protections are not just ideals of a just society but are practical tools in the fight against GBV.
Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

References:

1.
https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/ifsd/SocialJustice.pdf

			
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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON PROSTATE CANCER OVERVIEW-SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT
		
			Cancer, Men's Health, Monday Health Burst, WHO / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				In Nigeria, prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men and a hospital prevalence of 182.5 per 100,000 male admissions was recorded in 2010 in Osun State.1
Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the prostate. Males have a little gland called the prostate that resembles a walnut that secretes seminal fluid, which feeds and carries sperm.
In it’s early stage, prostate cancer may not show any symptoms, but may result in indications and symptoms like: difficulty urinating, a weaker stream of pee, blood in the urine, blood in the semen, bone pain, weight loss without attempting, and erectile dysfunction when the cancer becomes advanced.2
Options for treating prostate cancer rely on a number of variables, including how quickly the disease is developing, if it has spread, your general health, and the potential advantages or disadvantages of the treatment. Some of the treatment options include; surgery to remove the prostate, radiation therapy, freezing or heating prostate tissue, and hormone therapy.
Around 1 in 8 males will receive a diagnosis of prostate cancer at some point in their life. However, only 1 in 41 of these will die as a result. This is because treatment is effective, especially in the early stages. Routine screening enables doctors to detect many cases of prostate cancer before they spread.
Individuals and organizations are encouraged to create awareness of the need for routine check-ups to prevent advanced-stage prostate cancer.
Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.
#MondayHealthBurst #MensHealth #ProstateCancer
 
References: 

https://afju.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12301-019-0010-5 
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20353087

 
			
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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON CANCER OVERVIEW- SYMPTOMS AND TYPES
		
			Cancer / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				 
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020, or nearly one in six deaths1. Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth of cells that invade and destroy surrounding tissues. These cells can spread to other parts of the body, leading to serious complications if left untreated. While the exact cause of cancer is often multifactorial and not fully understood, certain risk factors, such as genetics, environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and infections, can increase the likelihood of developing cancer.
The signs and symptoms of cancer can vary widely depending on the type and location of the disease. However, some general symptoms may indicate the presence of cancer, including:
Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden and unexplained weight loss, especially without changes in diet or exercise habits, may be a warning sign of various cancers, such as pancreatic, stomach, or lung cancer.
Fatigue: Persistent fatigue or weakness that does not improve with rest can be a symptom of many types of cancer, as the body’s energy resources are diverted to fighting the disease.
Changes in Bowel or Bladder Habits: Changes in bowel or bladder habits, such as blood in the stool or urine, prolonged constipation or diarrhea, or changes in urinary frequency, can be indicative of colorectal, bladder, or prostate cancer.
Persistent Pain: Chronic pain that does not resolve with usual treatments or persists beyond the expected healing time may signal the presence of cancer, especially if it is localized to a specific area or worsens over time.
Lumps or Abnormalities: The presence of lumps, bumps, or swelling in the body, particularly in the breast, testicles, lymph nodes, or other soft tissues, should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare professional, as they can be early signs of cancer.
Changes in Skin: Changes in the size, shape, color, or texture of moles, freckles, or skin lesions, as well as the development of new growths or sores that do not heal, should be examined by a dermatologist to rule out skin cancer.
There are over 100 different types of cancer, each with its own unique characteristics, risk factors, and treatment approaches. Some common types of cancer include2:
Breast Cancer: Breast cancer forms in the cells of the breast tissue and can occur in both men and women. It is often detected through breast self-exams, mammograms, or clinical screenings.
Lung Cancer: Lung cancer develops in the tissues of the lungs and is strongly associated with smoking, although non-smokers can also develop the disease. Symptoms may include persistent cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal cancer affects the colon or rectum and typically develops from precancerous polyps. Screening tests such as colonoscopies can detect early-stage disease when treatment is most effective.
Prostate Cancer: Prostate cancer occurs in the prostate gland of men and is one of the most common cancers in males. Screening tests such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests and digital rectal exams can help detect prostate cancer in its early stages.
Skin Cancer: Skin cancer develops in the cells of the skin and is often caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing the spread of skin cancer to other parts of the body.
Cancer is a formidable adversary that requires a comprehensive understanding of its symptoms and types to facilitate early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. By recognizing the warning signs of cancer and undergoing regular screenings, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their health and improve their chances of survival. Additionally, ongoing research and advancements in cancer treatment offer hope for more effective therapies and improved outcomes for cancer patients in the future.
Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes. 

References

1 – https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer

2 – https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/cancer
			
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IMPACT OF FGM ON GIRLS AND WOMEN IN THE SOCIETY
		
			Female Genital Mutilation, Gender Based Violence / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				The Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) stands in solidarity with worldwide efforts aimed at eliminating FGM in commemoration of the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation (FGM).

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a form of gender-based violence that has plagued women and girls for centuries. It is internationally denounced as a breach of the fundamental human rights of girls and women. The United Nations reports that over 200 million girls and women currently alive have been subjected to FGM.¹ Alarmingly, in the year 2024 alone, approximately 4.4 million girls—or more than 12,000 daily—are at imminent risk of undergoing FGM across the globe.²

Proponents of FGM often defend the practice by citing cultural traditions, alleging that it curtails female sexuality and preserves virginity before marriage. Others mistakenly believe that FGM offers hygienic benefits, reduces promiscuity, modifies socio-sexual behaviour, promotes fertility, and even augments marriage prospects.

However, research and studies unequivocally demonstrate that FGM offers no health advantages to girls or women. On the contrary, those subjected to FGM experience immediate complications such as intense pain, shock, excessive bleeding, infection, and difficulties urinating. The long-term repercussions are equally dire, adversely affecting their sexual, reproductive, and mental health. These findings underscore the fact that FGM is a cultural practice deeply rooted in gender inequality, as highlighted by the United Nations.

The persistence of FGM underscores the critical need for comprehensive education and community engagement to dismantle myths surrounding the practice and promote gender equality. Empowering girls and women through education, providing support to communities in transitioning away from FGM, and enforcing legal frameworks that protect the rights of girls and women are vital steps towards eradicating FGM.

As we observe the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, CFHI echoes the call for a united action by the government, organisations, stakeholders, and individuals in the fight against FGM. It is imperative to listen to and amplify the voices of girls and women affected by FGM, to ensure their rights are protected, and to work tirelessly towards a future where every girl can grow up free from the threat of gender-based violence.
Her voice. Her future. Let’s End FGM Today.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.
.1. United Nations_Female Genital Mutilation Day Observance

.2. UNFPA_International Day of Zero Tolerance Female Genital Mutilation
			
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HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION
		
			Cultural practices in Africa, End FGM, Female Genital Mutilation, Monday Health Burst / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a harmful traditional practice that involves altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons.¹ This practice, prevalent in many cultures around the world, has severe health implications for women and girls who undergo it. From physical to psychological consequences, FGM leaves a lasting impact on the well-being of individuals subjected to it. Some of the health implications include:
Immediate Complications: FGM can result in severe pain, bleeding, and shock immediately following the procedure. In some cases, it can even lead to death due to excessive bleeding or infections.
Long-term Health Issues: Women and girls who undergo FGM may face long-term health problems such as chronic pain, infections, urinary problems, and complications during childbirth. Scar tissue formation and damage to the reproductive organs can cause difficulties in sexual intercourse and menstruation.
Increased Risk of Infections: The practice of FGM often involves using unsterilized tools or performing the procedure in unsanitary conditions, leading to an increased risk of infections such as tetanus, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis B and C.
Trauma and Psychological Distress: The experience of undergoing FGM can cause significant trauma and psychological distress, leading to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The violation of bodily integrity and the associated pain can have long-lasting effects on mental well-being.
Interference with Sexual Functioning: FGM can interfere with sexual functioning and intimacy, causing pain during intercourse and reducing sexual pleasure. This can strain relationships and have negative effects on overall quality of life.
The health implications of FGM are profound and multifaceted, encompassing physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Efforts to address FGM must take a comprehensive approach, including education, advocacy, and support for affected individuals, as well as community engagement and legal reforms to eradicate this harmful practice and uphold the rights and dignity of women and girls.
Over the years, CFHI has observed the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation as part of its own efforts to curb Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). A notable aspect of it was the celebration held at the St. Theresa Catholic church in Anurie Omanze, Idu LGA, Imo state, wherein the community was made aware of the importance of achieving zero FGM records. Over 100 participants were reached and they all pledged to join the movement.
Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.
.1. World Health Organization_Female Genital Mutilation
			
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