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HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION

Cultural practices in Africa, End FGM, Female Genital Mutilation, Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a harmful traditional practice that involves altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons.¹ This practice, prevalent in many cultures around the world, has severe health implications for women and girls who undergo it. From physical to psychological consequences, FGM leaves a lasting impact on the well-being of individuals subjected to it. Some of the health implications include:

Immediate Complications: FGM can result in severe pain, bleeding, and shock immediately following the procedure. In some cases, it can even lead to death due to excessive bleeding or infections.

Long-term Health Issues: Women and girls who undergo FGM may face long-term health problems such as chronic pain, infections, urinary problems, and complications during childbirth. Scar tissue formation and damage to the reproductive organs can cause difficulties in sexual intercourse and menstruation.

Increased Risk of Infections: The practice of FGM often involves using unsterilized tools or performing the procedure in unsanitary conditions, leading to an increased risk of infections such as tetanus, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis B and C.

Trauma and Psychological Distress: The experience of undergoing FGM can cause significant trauma and psychological distress, leading to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The violation of bodily integrity and the associated pain can have long-lasting effects on mental well-being.

Interference with Sexual Functioning: FGM can interfere with sexual functioning and intimacy, causing pain during intercourse and reducing sexual pleasure. This can strain relationships and have negative effects on overall quality of life.

The health implications of FGM are profound and multifaceted, encompassing physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Efforts to address FGM must take a comprehensive approach, including education, advocacy, and support for affected individuals, as well as community engagement and legal reforms to eradicate this harmful practice and uphold the rights and dignity of women and girls.

Over the years, CFHI has observed the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation as part of its own efforts to curb Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). A notable aspect of it was the celebration held at the St. Theresa Catholic church in Anurie Omanze, Idu LGA, Imo state, wherein the community was made aware of the importance of achieving zero FGM records. Over 100 participants were reached and they all pledged to join the movement.

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

.1. World Health Organization_Female Genital Mutilation

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON POST- EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS

HIV/AIDS, Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

According to Centre for Disease Control (CDC), PrEP is the medicine people at risk for HIV take to prevent getting HIV from sex or injection drug use. When taken as prescribed, PrEP is highly effective for preventing HIV.

PrEP is advisable if one tests negative for HIV, yet has had unprotected sex (oral or vaginal) in the past 6 months with a sexual partner who is living with HIV/AIDs; had unprotected sex (oral or vaginal) in the past 6 months without consistently using condom; had unprotected sex (oral or vaginal) in the past 6 months and have been diagnosed with an STD; shares needles, syringes, or other equipment to inject drugs used by someone who is HIV positive; and someone who has been prescribed PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) and report continued risk behaviour, or have used multiple courses of PEP.

According to research, PrEP reduces the risk of getting HIV from sex by about 99%, reduces the risk of getting HIV from injection drug use by at least 74%. However, PrEP is less effective when not taken as prescribed.

Aside HIV, there are other sexually transmitted diseases. Since PrEP only protects against HIV, condom use is still important for the protection against other STDs. Condom use is also important to help prevent HIV if PrEP is not taken as prescribed. Anyone considering PrEP should consult a doctor. Let’s stop HIV together.

#MondayHealthBurst #HIVAIDSPrevention #HealthForAll #PrEP CDC World Health Organization (WHO) PEPFAR Vietnam

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON WOMEN’S RIGHTS

Gender Based Violence, Speak Wednesday, Women's Rights / cfhinitiative

On September 5, 1995, Hillary Rodham Clinton, the First Lady of the United States, coined the phrase “women’s rights are human rights,” demonstrating that the struggle for women’s rights is a global issue that has been ongoing for centuries.

The right of women to live free from violence and discrimination, to receive an education, to earn equal pay, to occupy political positions, to have access to sexual and reproductive health, and other rights are not just confined to women but are fundamental human rights.
Despite Nigeria’s government being a signatory to the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), women still face struggles in the country’s patriarchal society, which is rife with discriminatory customs and practices that devalue women.

According to the United Nations, half of the world’s population and potential is represented by women and girls. Therefore, gender equality is not only a fundamental human right but also necessary to achieve peaceful societies, full human potential, and sustainable development. If we all respect women’s rights, we can achieve a society that is free of discrimination. It is critical to remember that women are humans too, and their rights are human rights. Gender inequality is everyone’s problem.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

#SpeakWednesday #Women’sRights #HumanRights #GenderStereotype #GenderBias #GenderInequality

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV

Health, HIV/AIDS, Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains a significant public health concern, posing a threat to the well-being of infants worldwide. Despite advances in medical science and increased awareness, preventing the transmission of the virus from mother to child remains a complex challenge that requires a comprehensive approach.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.3 million women and girls living with HIV become pregnant annually worldwide.
HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. The virus can pass through the placenta, be present in the birth canal and maternal genital fluids during delivery, and can be present in breast milk. Each of these stages presents a risk of transmission, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.

Prevention Strategies:
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): Initiating ART during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of MTCT. This treatment helps control the viral load in the mother, minimizing the chances of transmission to the child.
Elective Cesarean Section: In cases where the mother’s viral load is high, opting for a cesarean section before the onset of labor can further reduce the risk of transmission.
Avoiding Breastfeeding: While breastfeeding is generally recommended for infant health, in the context of HIV, alternative feeding methods are often advised to eliminate the risk of transmission through breast milk.
Prevention of unintended pregnancies: Family planning services and education play a crucial role in preventing unintended pregnancies among HIV-positive women, contributing to better management and prevention of MTCT.
Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV requires a multifaceted approach that addresses medical, social, and economic factors. Continued research, education, and global collaboration are crucial to achieving the goal of an HIV-free generation. As we strive for an AIDS-free world, prioritizing the well-being of both mothers and children remains at the forefront of public health efforts. It’s essential for infected pregnant women to receive proper medical care and follow the guidance of healthcare providers to minimize the risk to their babies.

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON HIV TRANSMISSION PREVENTION

Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continues to be a global health concern, affecting millions of lives. Understanding how HIV spreads and implementing effective prevention strategies are paramount in curbing its transmission. WHO estimates that at the end of 2022, 39.0 million [33.1–45.7 million] people worldwide were living with HIV, and 630 000 people died from HIV-related illnesses globally.

HIV is commonly transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, intravenous drug use with shared needles poses a significant risk of HIV transmission. Also, HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or breastfeeding.

Timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for pregnant women and formula feeding instead of breastfeeding are preventive measures. Other prevention Strategies include:

Promoting consistent and correct condom use, education campaigns on condom efficacy and accessibility, taking antiretroviral medication before potential exposure to HIV, targeting high-risk populations and raising awareness about PrEP, providing access to clean needles among people who inject drugs, early diagnosis and initiation of ART, consistent adherence to medication to suppress the virus, raising awareness about HIV, its modes of transmission, and available prevention methods, and encouraging regular HIV testing.

In the fight against HIV, a comprehensive understanding of transmission modes and the implementation of preventive strategies are pivotal. Combining education, accessible healthcare, and supportive policies creates a robust framework for reducing HIV transmission rates and improving the overall well-being of individuals and communities. A collective effort is essential to achieve a world free from the burden of HIV.

Over the years, CFHI in partnership with other organisations such as National Hospital, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria and UNICEF, to mention but few, has carried out awareness and sensitization programs on transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS. In 2021, CFHI celebrated World AIDS Day at Gosa Toge Community in Abuja, where over one hundred persons were tested to know their HIV status.

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

Health, Monday Health Burst, WHO / cfhinitiative

Urinary Tract Infections(UTIs) are common infections caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and infect the urinary system. These germs are usually from the skin or the rectum. While the infections can affect any region of the urinary tract, bladder infections (cystitis) are the most prevalent form. Another kind of UTI is pyelonephritis, or kidney infection. Though less frequent, they are more dangerous than bladder infections.(Centre for Disease Control,CDC).
Causes of UTIs:
Bacterial Invasion: The majority of UTIs are caused by bacteria entering the urethra and traveling up to the bladder.
Risk Factors: Women are more prone to UTIs due to a shorter urethra. Other risk factors include sexual activity, urinary tract abnormalities, a weakened immune system, and catheter use.

Symptoms of UTIs:
Painful Urination: A burning sensation during urination is a common symptom.

Frequent Urination: The urge to urinate more often than usual.

Cloudy or Strong-Smelling Urine: Changes in urine color and odor may indicate an infection.

Pelvic Pain: Discomfort or pressure in the lower abdomen.

Diagnosis:
If you suspect a UTI, a healthcare professional will typically perform a urinalysis to check for bacteria and white blood cells. In some cases, imaging tests may be ordered to identify any structural issues in the urinary tract.

Treatment:
Antibiotics: The primary treatment for UTIs involves a course of antibiotics to eliminate the infection.

Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate symptoms.

Hydration: Drinking plenty of water can help flush out bacteria from the urinary system.

Prevention:
Hygiene Practices: Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacteria from entering the urethra.

Stay Hydrated: Adequate fluid intake promotes regular urination, helping to flush out bacteria.

Urinate After Intercourse: Emptying the bladder after sexual activity can reduce the risk of UTIs.

Conclusion:
Urinary tract infections are a common health concern, especially among women. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and preventive measures is crucial for prompt diagnosis and effective treatment. If you suspect a UTI, consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and care.
#MondayHealthBurst
#UrinaryTractInfection

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON HEMORRHOIDS – SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES

Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Hemorrhoids, often known as piles, are enlarged veins located in the lower rectum and anus.
It is possible for hemorrhoids to form internally, or within the rectum. External hemorrhoids are another name for them that can form beneath the skin around the anus.
Hemorrhoids can occasionally be uncomfortable, but they usually go away on their own. A change in lifestyle, such as increasing fiber intake and exercising, can help reduce the chance of hemorrhoids in the future and improve symptoms.
Symptoms of hemorrhoids often include:
 Bleeding
 Itching or irritation in the anal area
 Discomfort, pain, or soreness around the anus
 Lumps and swelling in the anal region
 Dilation, or bulging, of a vein, which may or may not be painful, depending on where it occurs
Symptoms can be uncomfortable or alarming, but they often improve on their own after a few days.

According to Mayo Clinic, although doctors do not fully understand why hemorrhoids appear, they may occur for the following reasons:
Pregnancy: During pregnancy, tissues in the rectum become weaker, and hormones cause veins to relax and swell. Hemorrhoids may occur in up to 35% of pregnant women.

Aging: Hemorrhoids are most common among adults over age 50 years. However, young people and children can also get them.

Diarrhea: Hemorrhoids can occur after cases of chronic diarrhea.

Chronic constipation: Straining to move stool puts additional pressure on the walls of the blood vessels, which may result in hemorrhoids.

Sitting for too long: Spending a long time in a seated position, especially on the toilet, can cause hemorrhoids.

Diet: Eating low fiber foods may contribute to hemorrhoids.

Heavy lifting: Repeatedly lifting heavy objects can lead to hemorrhoids.

Anal intercourse: This can cause new hemorrhoids or worsen existing ones.

It is best to speak with a healthcare provider for specific guidance if you are exhibiting any of the symptoms.

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

#MondayHealthBurst #Hemorrhoids #SymptomsandCauses #Health

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON UNDERSTANDING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Gender, Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Speak Wednesday / cfhinitiative

The Nigerian federal law, Violence Against persons (prohibition) Act (VAPP) which was passed to address violence against women defines domestic violence as any act perpetrated on any person in a domestic relationship where such act causes harm or may cause imminent harm to the safety, and health, or well-being of any person.

The forms of domestic violence according to VAPP Act include physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional, verbal and psychological abuse, intimidation, economic abuse, sexual harassment, forceful eviction from a person’s home except on court order, stalking, damage to property, isolation from family and friends, abandonment of children, spouse and other persons, depriving a person of his or her liberty, harmful widowhood practices, harmful traditional practices, spousal battery and others.

Domestic violence is a global problem that has been condemned internationally and nationally through the legal instruments. It is also recognized as a human rights violation. Domestic violence can be suffered by both genders, however, women are at a higher risk of which is more prevalent in Nigeria today.

The Guardian Nigeria on the 27th of February 2021, reported that cases of domestic violence are on the high, especially the spousal battery. According to the report, at least once a week, there is a case of a man beating, maiming or killing his wife, and in some very rare cases, a woman dealing with her husband in like manner.

It is applauding to know that Nigerians in recent times have been able to start a movement on social media calling our pepetrators of domestic violence and encouraging victims to speak up and take actions. This movement has also made victims and surveyors come out to share their stories.

Cases of domestic violence can be highly mitigated if they are not treated as family affairs. Whereas anyone can report cases with evidence, and pepetrators be made to stand a trial against the state. The society, culture and religion must encourage victims of domestic violence to speak up and seek justice.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of Centre for Family Health Initiative to address issues around gender based violence and gender bias. Join us every Wednesday for more episodes on all our social media platforms.

#SpeakWednesday #UnderstandingDomesticViolence #EndGBVNow!
Break The Silence Against Domestic Violence
The National Network to End Domestic Violence
Domestic and Family Violence Prevention Queensland

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES OF DIABETES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Diabetes, Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Pediatric diabetes, commonly referred to as diabetes in children, can be either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes, which is more prevalent in children, causes the body’s immune system to unintentionally assault and kill insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Children’s type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with lifestyle choices including obesity and inactivity.
According to the latest statistics from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Type 1 DM affects approximately 500,000 children aged below 15 worldwide.
The symptoms and causes of diabetes depends on the type of diabetes:
Type 1 Diabetes:
Symptoms:
Excessive thirst and hunger
Frequent urination
Fatigue
Unexplained weight loss
Blurred vision
Irritability
Bedwetting (in previously toilet-trained children)
Yeast infections
Causes:
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The exact cause is not known, but it’s believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Type 2 Diabetes:
Symptoms:
Excessive thirst and hunger
Frequent urination
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores or frequent infections
Dark patches on the skin
Causes:
Type 2 diabetes is often associated with lifestyle factors, including poor diet, lack of physical activity, and obesity. Genetic predisposition also plays a role, as some children may have a family history of the condition.

It’s important to note that the symptoms can vary, and not all children will exhibit all of them. If you suspect your child may have diabetes, it’s crucial to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and management.
Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.
#MondayHealthBurst #DiabetesinChildren #SymptomsandCauses

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON IMPACT OF GBV ON WOMEN’S MENTAL HEALTH

Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Speak Wednesday / cfhinitiative

Impact of GBV on Women’s Mental Healt
The Nigerian federal law, Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act VAAP, defines domestic violence as any act perpetrated on any person in a domestic relationship where such action causes harm or may cause imminent harm to the safety, health, or well-being of any person.
Gender-based violence (GBV) has far-reaching and devastating effects on women’s mental health. It encompasses a range of harmful behaviours directed at individuals based on their gender. It includes physical, sexual, emotional, and economic abuse. Survivors of GBV often face significant psychological challenges as a result of their experiences.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Many survivors of GBV develop symptoms of PTSD. This can include flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, nightmares, and severe anxiety. The trauma from the experience can be so overwhelming that it disrupts daily life and functioning.
Depression and Anxiety Disorders: The chronic stress and fear associated with GBV can lead to the development of depression and various anxiety disorders. Women may experience feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and an overwhelming sense of dread. They may also struggle with feelings of worthlessness or guilt.
Dissociation and Depersonalization: Some survivors may experience a disconnection from their own bodies or a feeling of being detached from reality. This can be a coping method for the intense mental and bodily suffering brought on by the violence.
Self-Harm and Suicidal Thoughts: The emotional pain and distress caused by GBV can lead to self-destructive behaviours, including self-harm and suicidal ideation.
Substance Abuse: Many survivors turn to drugs or alcohol as a way to cope with the trauma they’ve experienced. Substance abuse can provide temporary relief from emotional pain, but it often leads to further physical and mental health issues.
Impact on Parenting and Relationships: For survivors who are parents, the trauma from GBV can affect their ability to parent effectively. It may also strain relationships with their children and other family members.
Negative Impact on Work and Education: The mental health consequences of GBV can spill over into various aspects of a survivor’s life, including their ability to perform at work or in educational settings. Financial instability and a reduced quality of life may result from this.
Re-victimization: Survivors of GBV may be at higher risk of experiencing further violence or abuse, as the psychological effects of trauma can make it more challenging to recognize and avoid potentially dangerous situations.
Recognising the severe impact of GBV on women’s mental health and providing adequate assistance and resources are critical. Organizations like the World Health Organisation (WHO) and UN Women emphasize the necessity of giving survivors complete treatment, which includes mental health services, therapy, and access to safe spaces.
Raising awareness, challenging societal norms, and enacting legislation to prevent and respond to GBV are critical to lowering the occurrence of GBV against women and minimizing its destructive impact on their mental health.

REFERENCE:
1. Kim, Stefani. “Phonak Launches NaíDa Marvel (M).” The Hearing Review (Online), vol., no., 2020, p. n/a.
2. UN Women https://www.unwomen.org/
3. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/cedaw/pages/cedawindex.aspx

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