Diabetes

MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON GESTATIONAL DIABETES: WHAT PREGNANT WOMEN SHOULD KNOW

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Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy due to elevated blood sugar levels. Although it typically resolves after childbirth, managing it carefully is essential for the health of both mother and baby. Pregnancy induces various hormonal changes, some of which interfere with insulin, the hormone responsible for controlling blood sugar. When the body cannot produce enough insulin, gestational diabetes can result. This condition can occur even in women with no history of diabetes.

Certain factors such as age, family history, pre-pregnancy weight, previous gestational diabetes, and ethnicity can increase the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes often has no clear symptoms, making regular screening essential. Some women may experience thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision, but these symptoms are common in pregnancy, so they may go unnoticed.

Screening and Diagnosis:
Routine screening for gestational diabetes is generally conducted between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy, though high-risk individuals may be tested earlier. The glucose tolerance test (GTT) is frequently used, requiring the mother to consume a sugary drink followed by blood sugar level checks.

Proper management of gestational diabetes is crucial to avoid complications. A balanced diet, emphasizing vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and controlled carbohydrates, helps stabilize blood sugar. Consulting a dietitian can aid in creating a personalized meal plan, Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity. Low-impact exercises like walking or swimming can be helpful, Regular monitoring is necessary to understand the body’s response to food and exercise, and in some cases, insulin or other medications may be required to maintain safe blood sugar levels.

Unmanaged gestational diabetes can lead to large birth weight, preterm birth, low blood sugar in the baby, and increased Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk for both mother and child. Blood sugar levels usually return to normal after childbirth. However, women who had gestational diabetes face a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and regular diabetes screenings can help monitor and reduce this risk.
Though gestational diabetes may seem daunting, early diagnosis and proactive management allow most women to have healthy pregnancies and babies. Attending prenatal appointments, following healthcare advice, and adopting a healthy lifestyle are essential steps in managing gestational diabetes effectively and ensuring a positive pregnancy experience.

CFHI in collaboration with Health Strategy and Delivery Foundation (HSDF) conducts T2DM and hypertension awareness, and free screening aimed at improving Diabetes health outcomes among the populations in selected communities of Imo state.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) stand as the leading cause of mortality worldwide, claiming 17.9 million lives annually. Ranging from heart attacks to strokes, these ailments affect the heart and blood vessels in various forms and degrees of severity.1

Some of the cardiovascular diseases include:
1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):
CAD, often stemming from atherosclerosis, involves the buildup of plaque in the arteries supplying blood to the heart. This condition can lead to angina (chest pain), heart attacks, and heart failure, significantly impacting an individual’s quality of life and longevity.

2. Hypertension:
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, serves as a silent killer, gradually damaging arteries and increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other complications. Its prevalence underscores the importance of regular blood pressure monitoring and lifestyle modifications.

3. Stroke:
Strokes, whether ischemic or hemorrhagic, result from disruptions in blood flow to the brain. They can cause devastating consequences such as paralysis, speech impairments, and cognitive deficits, highlighting the urgent need for stroke prevention and prompt medical intervention.

4. Heart Failure:
Heart failure occurs when the heart becomes unable to pump blood effectively, leading to symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. It necessitates comprehensive management strategies to alleviate symptoms and improve prognosis.
Heart attacks and strokes are the primary cause of over four out of every five CVD deaths, with one-third of these deaths occurring prematurely in individuals under the age of 70. 2

5. Arrhythmias:
Arrhythmias encompass irregular heart rhythms, which can range from harmless palpitations to life-threatening cardiac arrest. Understanding the underlying causes and implementing appropriate treatment modalities is crucial for individuals with these conditions.

Risk Factors and Prevention:
Numerous factors contribute to the development of CVDs, including smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition. Adopting a holistic approach to prevention involves lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, abstaining from tobacco use, managing stress, and adhering to prescribed medications.

In the fight against CVDs in Nigeria, from 2019 to 2021, CFHI in collaboration with the Health Strategy and Delivery Foundation (HSDF) implemented the Diabetes Awareness and Care Project in Imo state, Nigeria to raise awareness of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), its risk factors, and prevention in targeted communities across six (6) Local Government Areas. This initiative resulted in reaching 258,997 individuals with T2DM awareness messages, screening 16,194 people for T2DM and hypertension, establishing 12 health clubs in schools, and referring 607 individuals for further healthcare management.3

Cardiovascular diseases represent a multifaceted challenge with far-reaching implications for individuals, families, and societies at large. By promoting awareness, implementing preventive measures, and advancing medical treatments, we can strive to mitigate the impact of CVDs and improve cardiovascular outcomes globally. Empowering individuals with knowledge about risk factors, symptoms, and available resources is paramount in fostering a healthier future free from the grip of cardiovascular diseases.

Join CFHI’s “Monday Health Burst” initiative on all social media platforms for weekly discussions on basic health concern.

References:
1. https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1
2. https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1
3.https://www.cfhinitiative.org/home-2/our-projects/dac/

 

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES OF DIABETES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

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Pediatric diabetes, commonly referred to as diabetes in children, can be either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes, which is more prevalent in children, causes the body’s immune system to unintentionally assault and kill insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Children’s type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with lifestyle choices including obesity and inactivity.
According to the latest statistics from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Type 1 DM affects approximately 500,000 children aged below 15 worldwide.
The symptoms and causes of diabetes depends on the type of diabetes:
Type 1 Diabetes:
Symptoms:
Excessive thirst and hunger
Frequent urination
Fatigue
Unexplained weight loss
Blurred vision
Irritability
Bedwetting (in previously toilet-trained children)
Yeast infections
Causes:
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The exact cause is not known, but it’s believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Type 2 Diabetes:
Symptoms:
Excessive thirst and hunger
Frequent urination
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores or frequent infections
Dark patches on the skin
Causes:
Type 2 diabetes is often associated with lifestyle factors, including poor diet, lack of physical activity, and obesity. Genetic predisposition also plays a role, as some children may have a family history of the condition.

It’s important to note that the symptoms can vary, and not all children will exhibit all of them. If you suspect your child may have diabetes, it’s crucial to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and management.
Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.
#MondayHealthBurst #DiabetesinChildren #SymptomsandCauses

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY – PREDIABETES

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PREDIABETES – YOUR CHANCE TO PREVENT TYPE 2 DIABETES

According to Centre for Disease Control (CDC), prediabetes is a serious health condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal, yet not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. If one has prediabetes, it shows that the cells in the body do not respond normally to insulin. Hence, the pancreas makes more insulin to try to get cells to respond and eventually will not be able to keep up. The blood sugar then rises, setting the stage for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Studies have shown that 1 in 3 American adults have prediabetes. In Nigeria, the prevalence of prediabetes is also high with hypertension emerging as the possible driving force. Though the exact cause of prediabetes is unknown, family history, genetics, lack of regular physical activity and being overweight with excess fat around the abdomen appear to be important factors. Other factors include ever having gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) or giving birth to a baby who weighed more than 9 pounds and having polycystic ovary syndrome.

Often times, one could be with prediabetes for years with no clear symptoms, so it often goes undetected until serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes show up. However, some people experience increased thirst, frequent urination, excess hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, and darkened skin on certain parts of the body (neck, armpits, elbows, knees and knuckles).

To reverse prediabetes, keep an active lifestyle by getting at least 150 minutes a week of brisk walking or a similar activity, avoid refined carbohydrates, cut back on sugar, eat healthy foods, drink less alcohol, get sufficient sleep, reduce food portion size. More so, periodic screening is key to detecting and reversing prediabetes. Simple Blood Sugar Test done in time could stop prediabetes from developing into type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST

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DIABETES AWARENESS AND CARE

Diabetes mellitus is derived from the Greek word Diabetes, meaning Siphon (to pass through) and a Latin word mellitus meaning honeyed or sweet. This is because in Diabetes, excess sugar is found in blood as well as the urine. It was known in the 17th century as the “pissing evil”.
There are accounts that the term Diabetes was coined by Apollonius of Memphis around 250 BC but Diabetes was first recorded in English, in the form Diabetes, in a medical text written around 1425. It was in 1675 that Thomas Willis added the word “’Mellitus’” to the word Diabetes. This was because of the sweet taste of the urine. The ancient Greeks, Chinese, Egyptians, Indians and Persians had also noticed this sweet taste in urine as it is evident in their literatures.
According to World Diabetes Foundation (WDF), over five million people are living with either Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes in Nigeria. However, millions are still unaware of their status. The general symptoms of diabetes include increased hunger, increased thirst, weight loss, blurred vision, frequent urination, extreme fatigue, tingling, numbness of hands and feet, itching and yeast infection, wounds and sores that are slow to heal.
Diabetes mellitus is managed in two ways; the non-drug treatment and drug treatment, but it is important to note that education is involved in both ways. People living with Diabetes should be educated on lifestyle modification in the aspects of diet and exercise and on blood sugar monitoring, identifying symptoms, emergencies and complications, medications, and foot care. Also, people without diabetes should be educated on the fact that Diabetes is a lifelong disease with no cure yet. It can be prevented through lifestyle modifications and knowing one’s health status by having regular medical checkups even when you feel healthy.
The first way to manage Diabetes Mellitus which is the non-Drug treatment entails healthy and appropriate diet, adequate physical activities and regular blood sugar and blood pressure checks. The second which is the drug treatment entails the use of oral glycemic tablet and insulin injection. The insulin injection should be administered either alone or alongside oral glycemic tablets for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but administered alone for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on abdomen, thighs, buttocks, or arms.

Myths and misconceptions about Diabetes
There are many mistaken beliefs about Diabetes; some of these are highlighted below.
• Diabetes is not that serious.
Fact: According to American Diabetes Association, Diabetes causes more deaths than breast cancer and HIV/AIDS combined, people with Type 2 Diabetes (the most common form of the disease) may go a long while, even years, before being diagnosed. This is because, they may downplay their symptoms or write them off to other causes.

• Being overweight causes Diabetes.
Fact: Gaining weight does not necessarily need the person is going to get Type 2 Diabetes. Having a body mass index over 25 is just one of several risk factors for Diabetes, but there are many overweight people who do not ever get the disease.

• Having Diabetes means you must eat foods that are different from everyone else’s.
Fact: People with Diabetes do not need to follow a restricted diet but instead should try to follow the same healthy eating guidelines as everyone else, including choosing foods that are lower in fat, higher in nutrients, and contain an appropriate amount of calories.

• A Diabetes diagnosis means you automatically need Insulin.
Fact: That is the case with Type 1 Diabetes but not with type 2 Diabetes. In some cases, proper diet, exercise, and oral medications, if needed, can keep Type 2 Diabetes under control for some time before Insulin becomes necessary.

• Only older people are at risk of having Diabetes
Fact: Even children are being diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. However, those most at risk for Type 2 Diabetes are adults 45 years and older and those of any age who are sedentary and overweight.

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) to tackle issues of basic health concerns. Join us every Monday for more health-related articles on all our social media platforms.

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