Gender Based Violence – Centre for Family Health Initiative

SPEAK WEDNESDAY ARTICLE ON STRATEGIES FOR REPORTING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA

Gender-based violence is a grave violation of human rights that affects predominantly women and girls. Reporting GBV is crucial in obtaining justice, support, and protection. However, many victims are often unsure about how to report their experiences or which authorities to approach. This lack of knowledge can hinder access to necessary resources and justice. Understanding the various strategies and resources available for reporting GBV in Nigeria is essential for empowering survivors and ensuring they receive the support they need.

Key Reporting Channels and Resources

Legal Assistance

Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act (VAPP): This law provides a legal framework for addressing various forms of GBV. Survivors should seek legal assistance to understand their rights under the VAPP Act.
NAPTIP (National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons): NAPTIP provides legal and rehabilitative support for survivors of human trafficking and GBV. They have a dedicated helpline (0703 0000 203) for reporting incidents.

Authorities in Charge

Nigerian Police Force: Survivors can report GBV incidents to the nearest police station. The police are obligated to investigate and provide protection to survivors. Specialized units, such as the Gender Desk in police stations, are trained to handle GBV cases sensitively.
Ministry of Women Affairs: This ministry is crucial in coordinating responses to GBV and supporting survivors. It collaborates with various national and international partners to improve reporting mechanisms and survivor support services.

Helplines and Emergency Services

National GBV Helpline: The Federal Ministry of Women Affairs, supported by the EU-UN Spotlight Initiative, has established the ReportGBV.ng platform. This includes a 24/7 helpline (0800 3333 3333) where survivors can report incidents and receive immediate support (ReportGBV) (Spotlight Initiative).
Emergency Services: In urgent situations, survivors should contact local police or emergency medical services. It’s crucial to have emergency contacts readily available.

Supportive Organizations

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): Numerous NGOs offer legal aid and advocacy for women and girls facing violence. They also conduct awareness programs to educate the public about GBV and its impact. (ReportGBV) Survivors can approach these organizations for help navigating the legal system, understanding their rights, counselling, and legal assistance.

Reporting GBV is essential for accessing justice and support. Survivors in Nigeria have various channels and resources available, from helplines and legal assistance to supportive organizations and online platforms. By leveraging these resources and addressing the barriers to reporting, we can create a safer environment for all and work towards eradicating GBV.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON HOW TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES CONTRIBUTE TO A CULTURE OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS

Gender-based violence is a pervasive global issue rooted in entrenched social norms and power structures. gender roles play an important role in perpetuating a culture where violence against women and girls is normalized, tolerated, and even condoned.

At the heart of traditional gender roles lies the concept of patriarchy, where men hold primary power and authority while women are relegated to subordinate positions. Patriarchal societies uphold rigid gender norms that dictate women’s subservience, passivity, and dependence on men. This power dynamic not only reinforces the belief that men are entitled to control women but also justifies violence as a means of asserting dominance and maintaining control.

According to UN Women, patriarchal norms perpetuate violence against women by fostering a culture of impunity for perpetrators and silencing survivors. The prioritization of male honour over the rights and well-being of women and girls further exacerbates the prevalence of violence in such societies.

From a young age, girls are socialized into prescribed gender roles that dictate acceptable behaviours, interests, and aspirations based on their gender. UNICEF emphasizes that gender stereotypes perpetuate harmful attitudes and beliefs that contribute to the normalization of violence against women and girls. Boys are conditioned to equate masculinity with dominance, aggression, and control, while girls are taught to prioritize compliance, submission, and caretaking roles.

These gendered expectations create a fertile ground for the justification and perpetration of violence. Boys who don’t fit the mould of the stereotypical masculine may become the target of bullying and social exclusion, which makes them turn to violence as a way to maintain their masculinity and social standing. Similarly, girls who challenge gender norms may face backlash and punishment, further reinforcing the cycle of violence and oppression.

In conclusion, traditional gender roles play a significant role in perpetuating a culture of violence against women and girls by reinforcing patriarchal power dynamics, perpetuating harmful stereotypes, exacerbating economic disparities, and intersecting with other forms of discrimination. It is crucial to question and alter these deeply ingrained gender norms, empower women and girls, and advance gender equality at all societal levels to effectively confront and prevent violence.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

#SpeakWednesday #GenderRoles #StopGBV #StopGenderStereotype #Girlsrights #WomenRights #genderequality #genderbias

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EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL ABUSE ON WOMEN AND GIRLS

Gender Based Violence, Speak Wednesday / cfhinitiative

Emotional abuse is a pervasive form of violence that often goes unrecognized but leaves deep scars on its victims, particularly women and girls. According to UNICEF, emotional abuse encompasses behaviours such as verbal threats, intimidation, isolation, and manipulation, all of which undermine an individual’s sense of self-worth and well-being.

Emotional abuse encompasses a range of behaviours designed to undermine an individual’s sense of self-worth, autonomy, and agency. It can manifest in various forms such as verbal threats, insults, humiliation, manipulation, isolation, and controlling behaviours. Unlike physical abuse, emotional abuse leaves no visible bruises but inflicts deep psychological wounds that can be equally devastating.

Emotional abuse targets a person’s psychological and emotional well-being, eroding their confidence, autonomy, and mental health. It can occur in various settings, including intimate relationships, families, workplaces, and communities.
The WHO emphasizes that emotional abuse can lead to a range of mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation. The constant belittling, manipulation, and invalidation experienced by victims can result in severe emotional distress and trauma, affecting their ability to function in daily life.

Emotional abuse is intricately linked to broader patterns of gender-based violence, reflecting power imbalances and societal norms that devalue women and girls. It often intersects with other forms of abuse, such as physical violence, sexual coercion, and economic control, creating complex challenges for survivors seeking safety and support. ~ UN Women

Research cited by UNICEF underscores the long-term consequences of emotional abuse, including difficulties in forming trusting relationships, challenges in parenting, and increased vulnerability to re-victimization. These effects can persist into adulthood, shaping individuals’ life trajectories and well-being

Emotional abuse is a pervasive yet often hidden form of violence that profoundly impacts women and girls’ lives. It is therefore imperative to amplify voices, raise awareness, and advocate for policies and interventions that prevent and address emotional abuse, ensuring a safer and more equitable world for women and girls everywhere

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON THE HIDDEN HEALTHCARE COSTS OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (GBV) TO VICTIMS

Gender, Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Health, Speak Wednesday / cfhinitiative

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is a health issue that affects millions of people, predominantly women and girls, across different cultures, socioeconomic statuses, and geographic locations. Beyond the immediate physical and emotional toll, GBV also imposes significant hidden healthcare costs on its victims, presenting challenges that extend far beyond the initial incident.

One of the most direct healthcare costs of GBV is medical treatment for physical injuries. Domestic abuse victims, as well as victims of other gender-based violence, such as sexual assault, frequently need emergency care, surgery, and continuous medical support. These services come with substantial financial burdens, especially for those without adequate health insurance or access to affordable healthcare.

WHO reports that victims of intimate partner violence are more likely to seek healthcare services, resulting in increased medical costs compared to non-abused individuals. The expenses include emergency room visits, hospitalisations, and treatments for physical injuries, contributing to the hidden healthcare costs of GBV.

Beyond the immediate physical consequences, GBV takes a profound toll on victims’ mental health. The enduring psychological impact of GBV on survivors, with many experiencing anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is underscored by UNICEF. The need for mental health services, including therapy and counselling, is crucial but often comes with financial barriers, adding to the overall healthcare burden.

Furthermore, children who witness violence at home are more likely to develop behavioural problems, academic challenges, and mental health disorders. This perpetuates a cycle of intergenerational trauma and escalates healthcare costs for society as a whole.

The healthcare system also bears indirect costs related to GBV, such as increased demand for emergency services, specialised care for trauma survivors, and public health interventions. These expenses strain healthcare resources and contribute to rising healthcare expenditures for individuals, insurers, and governments.

Ultimately, addressing the hidden healthcare costs of GBV requires a collective commitment from healthcare providers, policymakers, law enforcement agencies, advocacy groups, and society at large. By recognising the full extent of these costs and investing in comprehensive solutions, we can create a safer, healthier future for women.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

#SpeakWednesday #GBV #Women’srights #RightToHealth #genderequality #genderbias

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON PERIOD POVERTY AND ITS IMPACT ON GIRLS MENSTRUAL HEALTH

Gender Based Violence, Speak Wednesday, Uncategorized / cfhinitiative

Period poverty, which encapsulates the challenges of accessing menstrual products, education, and sanitary facilities, significantly affects millions of women and girls worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 500 million individuals lack adequate resources for managing menstrual hygiene.

A critical examination of period poverty reveals dire health implications. The WHO points out that inadequate menstrual hygiene management is linked to several health issues, including bacterial and reproductive tract infections, as well as urinary tract infections.
Furthermore, the United Nations has highlighted the potential of severe conditions such as toxic shock syndrome and cervical cancer stemming from the use of unsanitary menstrual materials like old rags, leaves, or newspapers.

Beyond physical health, period poverty exerts a profound impact on mental well-being. UNICEF reports that the inability to afford menstrual products often leads to feelings of humiliation and shame among girls, precipitating anxiety and depression. This emotional toll can disrupt their education, forcing some to abandon school altogether, further isolating them socially and limiting their future educational and employment opportunities. Such outcomes perpetuate a cycle of social and economic disadvantage with far-reaching implications.

Access to affordable, reusable, and safe menstrual supplies and education on menstrual health and sanitation is crucial. Governments and organizations must prioritize addressing the underlying factors contributing to period poverty. By advocating for change and enhancing awareness, period poverty can be acknowledged and addressed as the significant human rights issue it is, paving the way for a future where all women and girls can manage their menstrual health with dignity.

Today, March 20, 2024, the Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI), in collaboration with Real Relief, is hosting an event titled “Menstrual Equity and Empowerment: A Pathway to Gender Equality” at the ongoing UN Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) 68th session in New York. This event marks a significant step in raising awareness and fostering change.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.


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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON THE ROLE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE IN COMBATING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
		
			Gender Based Violence, Speak Wednesday / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				In the quest to eliminate gender-based violence (GBV), the concept of social justice serves as a cornerstone, championing not just the equitable distribution of resources but the foundational belief that every individual is entitled to equal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities.
The United Nations defined social justice as the fair and compassionate distribution of economic growth, the view that everyone deserves equal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities. This political and philosophical theory focuses on fairness in relations between individuals in society.1
At its core, GBV thrives in environments where inequality prevails, making pursuing social justice an essential pathway to its eradication. Understanding the relationship between social justice and gender-based violence is crucial to developing effective strategies to combat GBV. The absence of social justice—manifested through the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges—exacerbates socio-economic disparities, which in turn can increase instances of violence against women and other vulnerable groups. These disparities often lead to or exacerbate situations where individuals are more susceptible to violence.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) highlights economic power as one of the six pillars of GBV, pointing out that economic and financial violence—stemming from the denial of resources or actions causing economic harm—is intrinsically linked to other forms of violence against women.
As identified by UNODC, economic power underscores the fundamental causes of economic and financial violence, such as the denial of resources. These acts of economic harm are closely interwoven with various manifestations of GBV. The denial of economic opportunities, control over financial resources, and access to education not only marginalizes women but also places them at an increased risk of experiencing violence. Thus, empowering women economically and ensuring access to resources is critical in combating GBV.
The UN’s proposals to advance social justice are multifaceted, aiming at creating a society where GBV is less likely to occur. These include improving inclusive and effective governance of work, ensuring employment opportunities and lifelong learning, reforming institutions for fairer labour market outcomes, and extending social protections across peoples’ lifetimes.

The role of social justice in combating gender-based violence is undeniable. By addressing the systemic inequalities that perpetuate GBV, society can move closer to eliminating this pervasive issue. Economic empowerment, inclusive governance, fair labour practices, and comprehensive social protections are not just ideals of a just society but are practical tools in the fight against GBV.
Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

References:

1.
https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/ifsd/SocialJustice.pdf

			
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IMPACT OF FGM ON GIRLS AND WOMEN IN THE SOCIETY
		
			Female Genital Mutilation, Gender Based Violence / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				The Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) stands in solidarity with worldwide efforts aimed at eliminating FGM in commemoration of the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation (FGM).

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a form of gender-based violence that has plagued women and girls for centuries. It is internationally denounced as a breach of the fundamental human rights of girls and women. The United Nations reports that over 200 million girls and women currently alive have been subjected to FGM.¹ Alarmingly, in the year 2024 alone, approximately 4.4 million girls—or more than 12,000 daily—are at imminent risk of undergoing FGM across the globe.²

Proponents of FGM often defend the practice by citing cultural traditions, alleging that it curtails female sexuality and preserves virginity before marriage. Others mistakenly believe that FGM offers hygienic benefits, reduces promiscuity, modifies socio-sexual behaviour, promotes fertility, and even augments marriage prospects.

However, research and studies unequivocally demonstrate that FGM offers no health advantages to girls or women. On the contrary, those subjected to FGM experience immediate complications such as intense pain, shock, excessive bleeding, infection, and difficulties urinating. The long-term repercussions are equally dire, adversely affecting their sexual, reproductive, and mental health. These findings underscore the fact that FGM is a cultural practice deeply rooted in gender inequality, as highlighted by the United Nations.

The persistence of FGM underscores the critical need for comprehensive education and community engagement to dismantle myths surrounding the practice and promote gender equality. Empowering girls and women through education, providing support to communities in transitioning away from FGM, and enforcing legal frameworks that protect the rights of girls and women are vital steps towards eradicating FGM.

As we observe the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation, CFHI echoes the call for a united action by the government, organisations, stakeholders, and individuals in the fight against FGM. It is imperative to listen to and amplify the voices of girls and women affected by FGM, to ensure their rights are protected, and to work tirelessly towards a future where every girl can grow up free from the threat of gender-based violence.
Her voice. Her future. Let’s End FGM Today.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.
.1. United Nations_Female Genital Mutilation Day Observance

.2. UNFPA_International Day of Zero Tolerance Female Genital Mutilation
			
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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON WOMEN’S RIGHTS
		
			Gender Based Violence, Speak Wednesday, Women's Rights / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				On September 5, 1995, Hillary Rodham Clinton, the First Lady of the United States, coined the phrase “women’s rights are human rights,” demonstrating that the struggle for women’s rights is a global issue that has been ongoing for centuries.
The right of women to live free from violence and discrimination, to receive an education, to earn equal pay, to occupy political positions, to have access to sexual and reproductive health, and other rights are not just confined to women but are fundamental human rights.

Despite Nigeria’s government being a signatory to the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), women still face struggles in the country’s patriarchal society, which is rife with discriminatory customs and practices that devalue women.
According to the United Nations, half of the world’s population and potential is represented by women and girls. Therefore, gender equality is not only a fundamental human right but also necessary to achieve peaceful societies, full human potential, and sustainable development. If we all respect women’s rights, we can achieve a society that is free of discrimination. It is critical to remember that women are humans too, and their rights are human rights. Gender inequality is everyone’s problem.
Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.
#SpeakWednesday #Women’sRights #HumanRights #GenderStereotype #GenderBias #GenderInequality
 

			
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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON UNDERSTANDING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
		
			Gender, Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Speak Wednesday / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				The Nigerian federal law, Violence Against persons (prohibition) Act (VAPP) which was passed to address violence against women defines domestic violence as any act perpetrated on any person in a domestic relationship where such act causes harm or may cause imminent harm to the safety, and health, or well-being of any person.  
The forms of domestic violence according to VAPP Act include physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional, verbal and psychological abuse, intimidation, economic abuse, sexual harassment, forceful eviction from a person’s home except on court order, stalking, damage to property, isolation from family and friends, abandonment of children, spouse and other persons, depriving a person of his or her liberty, harmful widowhood practices, harmful traditional practices, spousal battery and others.  
Domestic violence is a global problem that has been condemned internationally and nationally through the legal instruments. It is also recognized as a human rights violation. Domestic violence can be suffered by both genders, however, women are at a higher risk of which is more prevalent in Nigeria today. 
The Guardian Nigeria on the 27th of February 2021, reported that cases of domestic violence are on the high, especially the spousal battery. According to the report, at least once a week, there is a case of a man beating, maiming or killing his wife, and in some very rare cases, a woman dealing with her husband in like manner. 
It is applauding to know that Nigerians in recent times have been able to start a movement on social media calling our pepetrators of domestic violence and encouraging victims to speak up and take actions. This movement has also made victims and surveyors come out to share their stories. 
Cases of domestic violence can be highly mitigated if they are not treated as family affairs. Whereas anyone can report cases with evidence, and pepetrators be made to stand a trial against the state. The society, culture and religion must encourage victims of domestic violence to speak up and seek justice. 
Speak Wednesday is an initiative of Centre for Family Health Initiative to address issues around gender based violence and gender bias. Join us every Wednesday for more episodes on all our social media platforms.
#SpeakWednesday #UnderstandingDomesticViolence #EndGBVNow!

Break The Silence Against Domestic Violence

The National Network to End Domestic Violence

Domestic and Family Violence Prevention Queensland


			
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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON IMPACT OF GBV ON WOMEN’S MENTAL HEALTH
		
			Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Speak Wednesday / 			
				
				cfhinitiative			
			
		

		
		

					
				Impact of GBV on Women’s Mental Healt

The Nigerian federal law, Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act VAAP, defines domestic violence as any act perpetrated on any person in a domestic relationship where such action causes harm or may cause imminent harm to the safety, health, or well-being of any person.

Gender-based violence (GBV) has far-reaching and devastating effects on women’s mental health. It encompasses a range of harmful behaviours directed at individuals based on their gender. It includes physical, sexual, emotional, and economic abuse. Survivors of GBV often face significant psychological challenges as a result of their experiences.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Many survivors of GBV develop symptoms of PTSD. This can include flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, nightmares, and severe anxiety. The trauma from the experience can be so overwhelming that it disrupts daily life and functioning.

Depression and Anxiety Disorders: The chronic stress and fear associated with GBV can lead to the development of depression and various anxiety disorders. Women may experience feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and an overwhelming sense of dread. They may also struggle with feelings of worthlessness or guilt.

Dissociation and Depersonalization: Some survivors may experience a disconnection from their own bodies or a feeling of being detached from reality. This can be a coping method for the intense mental and bodily suffering brought on by the violence.

Self-Harm and Suicidal Thoughts: The emotional pain and distress caused by GBV can lead to self-destructive behaviours, including self-harm and suicidal ideation.

Substance Abuse: Many survivors turn to drugs or alcohol as a way to cope with the trauma they’ve experienced. Substance abuse can provide temporary relief from emotional pain, but it often leads to further physical and mental health issues.

Impact on Parenting and Relationships: For survivors who are parents, the trauma from GBV can affect their ability to parent effectively. It may also strain relationships with their children and other family members.

Negative Impact on Work and Education: The mental health consequences of GBV can spill over into various aspects of a survivor’s life, including their ability to perform at work or in educational settings. Financial instability and a reduced quality of life may result from this.

Re-victimization: Survivors of GBV may be at higher risk of experiencing further violence or abuse, as the psychological effects of trauma can make it more challenging to recognize and avoid potentially dangerous situations.

Recognising the severe impact of GBV on women’s mental health and providing adequate assistance and resources are critical. Organizations like the World Health Organisation (WHO) and UN Women emphasize the necessity of giving survivors complete treatment, which includes mental health services, therapy, and access to safe spaces.

Raising awareness, challenging societal norms, and enacting legislation to prevent and respond to GBV are critical to lowering the occurrence of GBV against women and minimizing its destructive impact on their mental health.
REFERENCE:

1. Kim, Stefani. “Phonak Launches NaíDa Marvel (M).” The Hearing Review (Online), vol., no., 2020, p. n/a.

2. UN Women https://www.unwomen.org/

3. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/cedaw/pages/cedawindex.aspx
#SpeakWednesday
 

			
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