WHO – Page 6 – Centre for Family Health Initiative

Speak Wednesday

COVID-19, Gender, Health, WHO, Women / cfhinitiative

EFFECTS OF VIOLENCE ON WOMEN AND CHILDREN

According to UNICEF, violence against women denies women their most basic rights and freedoms, including freedom of opinion, equality and justice before the law, to marry (or not) according to their own free will, to mobility, participation, to have access information and education, to work, to be employed, or to vote. Violence against children on the other hand includes all forms of violence perpetrated against people below the age of 18, either by parents, caregivers, peers, romantic partners, or strangers.

Victims and survivors are mostly the immediate persons affected by violence, but the effects of these violence go far beyond the survivors to having negative impact on their relationships, communities and the societies they live in. In homes where domestic violence is carried out in the presence of the children, it may lead to short or long term harm on children. These children most times end up being abusers, while on the short term, there are physical injuries and serious health conditions.

Exposure to violence at an early age can impair brain development and damage to immune systems, with lifelong consequences. As such, violence against children can negatively affect cognitive development and results in educational and vocational under-achievement. Children exposed to violence and other adversities are more likely to drop out of school, have difficulty finding and keeping a job, involve in harmful use of alcohol and drugs and have disability or mental health problems.

Women who have experienced domestic violence or abuse are at a significantly high risk of experiencing a range of mental health conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, substance abuse, having suicidal thoughts, unstable relationships, and emotional imbalance. Many women and children have lost their lives as a result of domestic violence.

Teenage girls when faced with sexual violence may lead to unintended pregnancies, induced abortions, gynecological problems, and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. According to Pauline Tallen, Nigeria Minister for Women Affairs in a recent address on Nigeria Television Authority (NTA), mentioned that over 3000 rape cases have been reported between March and June, 2020. She also acknowledged that rape has always happened in Nigeria, “but with the lockdown of people in homes because of COVID-19, women and children are locked down with their abusers.” Majority of these incidences are carried out by parents, caregivers and those trusted by the victims. Rape is never the fault of the victim, but rather the fault of the rapist.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of Centre for Family Health Initiative to stop the cycle of domestic violence by breaking the silence around gender based violence. CFHI believes that violence against women and children can be prevented if we all contribute our quota. A life without violence is essential to the health and peace of everyone. We will continue to raise our voices against any form of violence against women and children, provide legal, psycho-social and economic supports to victims and survivors of gender based violence.

Speak Wednesday Read More »

MONDAY HEALTH BURST

Gender, Health, Hygiene, WHO, Women / cfhinitiative

MONDAY HEALTH BURST – COMMON ILLNESSES AND COMPLICATIONS IN ADULTS, CHILDREN AND INFANTS

The common illnesses in adults, children, and infants are treated differently depending on how severe they are and how much they affect the immune system. While some are prevented by getting vaccinations, others are treated with antibiotics (specifically diseases caused by bacteria), antiviral medications for those caused by viruses, and antifungals for those caused by fungi. Since these illnesses and complications are treated differently, it is important to always consult a doctor to get the best treatment option.

For today’s Monday Health Burst, we will be looking at the common illnesses among three different age groups (Adults, Children and Infants). For adults, we have Ischemic Heart Disease; Stroke; Lower Respiratory Tract Infection; Trachea, Bronchus and Lungs Cancers; and Diabetes Mellitus. For children and infants, Acute Pharyngotonsilitis (Sore throat); Ear Pain; and Urinary Tract Infections (UTIS).

ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE, OR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

The deadliest disease in the world is coronary artery disease (CAD), also called ischemic heart disease. CAD occurs when the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart become narrowed. Untreated CAD can lead to chest pain, heart failure, and arrhythmias.

STROKE

A stroke occurs when an artery in the brain is blocked or leaks. This causes the oxygen-deprived brain cells to begin dying within minutes. If left untreated, a stroke can cause long-term disabilities like Hemiplegia, Hemiparesis, Facial palsy, etc.

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION

A lower respiratory infection is an infection in the airways and lungs. It can be due to viruses or bacteria. Coughing is the main symptom of a lower respiratory infection. One may also feel breathlessness, wheezing, and a tight feeling in the chest. Untreated lower respiratory infections can lead to respiratory failure or death.

TRACHEA, BRONCHUS, AND LUNG CANCERS

Respiratory cancers include cancers of the trachea, larynx, bronchus, and lungs. The main causes are smoking, secondhand smoke, and environmental toxins. Household pollution such as fuels and mold are also causes of Respiratory cancer.

DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes is a group of diseases that affect insulin production and use. In type 1 Diabetes, the pancreas can not produce insulin. The cause is not yet known. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or insulin can not be used effectively. Type 2 Diabetes can be caused by a number of factors, including poor diet, lack of exercise, and being overweight. Poorly treated or untreated Diabetes can lead to retinopathy, renal failure, stroke, organ damage or death.

ACUTE PHARYNGOTONSILITIS (SORE THROAT)

Sore throats are common in children and can be really painful. It can be caused by virus or bacteria. A sore throat caused by virus does not need antibiotics. In those cases, no specific medicine is required, and the child should get better after it had ran its course.

EAR PAIN

Ear pain is common in children and can have many causes including ear infection (otitis media), swimmer’s ear (infection of the skin in the ear canal), pressure from a cold or sinus infection, teeth pain radiating up the jaw to the ear, and others.

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTIS)

UTIs occur when bacteria build up in the urinary tract. UTI can be found in children from infancy through the teen years and into adulthood. Symptoms of a UTI include pain or burning during urination, the need to urinate frequently or urgently, bed wetting. Complications of UTI when left untreated include pyelonephritis which can progress to kidney failure.

Most of these common illnesses are contagious and can spread from person to person, it is hence important to take proper precautions when handling body fluids. Remember the slogan “if it is wet and not yours, do not touch it without a barrier (i.e gloves). Remember to always seek the help of a doctor if any of these symptoms occur, because early diagnosis and treatment is always the best way to survive diseases and complications.

CFHI Monday Health Burst is an initiative of the organization to tackle issues of basic health concerns. Join us every Monday for more health related articles on all our social media platforms.

MONDAY HEALTH BURST Read More »

SPEAK WEDNESDAY

Gender, Health, Politics, WHO, Women / cfhinitiative

SPEAK WEDNESDAY – WOMEN TRAFFICKING AND SEX SLAVERY

Human is a universal word used to describe a person irrespective of age, gender, physical attributes, religion, social affiliations, cultural and traditional beliefs, economic capabilities, family background and educational qualifications. This means the universe equates us as one. We are all the same kind but designed to have various peculiarities. The vulnerable and less privileged are not inferior versions of humans so we must not take advantage of them. They are not commodities to be traded for sex slavery, forced labour, rituals or even forced into marriage.

Human trafficking/trading is inhumane and illegal and it is mostly used as a medium for economic exploitation of its victims and it can be done within or outside a particular environment. It involves coercion, intimidation, manipulation, brutality, control, abduction, fraud, isolation from family, threats, and violence in some cases. All these characteristics violate the basic rights of humans as citizens of the earth. Humans are not for sale!

Anyone can be a victim of human trafficking but there are risk factors that increase ones vulnerability of falling prey to human traffickers. Most potential victims of trafficking desire to migrate to places where they will have better lives with better living conditions. Traffickers take advantage of this desire by promising to sponsor the trips, give the vulnerable ones jobs or enroll them in schools. Some parents give out or sell their children to wealthy friends, relatives and even strangers not minding if they are human traffickers or not. This practice has to stop because every child deserves the right to be cared for and protected by their parents or guardian.

Unfortunate circumstances such as kidnap make the victims more vulnerable to human traffickers. Most African countries have porous borders. People are trafficked across borders but many of them have not being identified and saved. Also, corrupt government officials and officers hide and protect the perpetuators of human trafficking thereby encouraging it in the society. Other risk factors are unemployment, riot, poverty, natural disasters and war that can lead to displacement, and political instability.

Boys and men are victims of trafficking. However, majority of individuals who are victims of human trafficking are women and girls. In Africa, our culture devalues women and girls and this makes them more vulnerable to trafficking. Due to stigmatization, some of these girls in trying to escape toxic environments and families, end up meeting the wrong people who will lure them into joining the a team that will later be forced into prostitution and others converted into baby production machines. They are raped brutally and impregnated against their will. Worst of all, they are deprived the privilege of motherhood after birthing their children. The newborns are sold, some killed to be used for rituals. The female suffer from physical, sexual, emotional and psychological abuse.

Casualties of human trafficking suffer devastating consequences such as psychological trauma, body pains, injury, bruises from physical assault, post-traumatic stress, depression that can lead to suicide, sexual transmitted diseases, and unwanted pregnancies. Most individuals who were victims of human trafficking and were rescued find it difficult to enjoy a normal life. It may be difficult for them to earn an independent living through an honest means after they are rescued. These victims lose their self-esteem and isolate themselves from people. Some of the trafficked persons die from physical assault or even poorly managed infections, others during child birth. Some victims of trafficking are killed and their body parts extracted to be used for ritual purposes.

Creating awareness in social groups is one of the effective ways to fight human trafficking. Talk about the dangers and effects of human trafficking. Teach them the indicators of human trafficking and tactics used by human traffickers. Social media is also a good medium to advocate, educate and sensitize people to issues of women and girls trafficking in the society. Parents should be discouraged from giving out their children to affluent families for work. The government can work with different Community Based Organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations to provide various forms of interventions to victims and survivors of women trafficking and sex slavery. Centre for Family Health Initiative will continue to mentor and sensitize young and vulnerable girls and create opportunities for them to acquire skills that will empower them financially in order to combat the will to migrate illegally.

SPEAK WEDNESDAY Read More »

MONDAY HEALTH BURST

Gender, Health, WHO, Women / cfhinitiative

SEXUAL HEALTH

Sexual health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence.

Sexual health cannot be defined, understood or made operational without a broad consideration of sexuality, which is a central aspect of being human. It encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction.

In promoting sexual health, there are some fundamental human rights attached. They include the rights to equality and non-discrimination, the right to be free from torture, cruelty, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment, the right to privacy, the rights to the highest attainable standard of sexual health and social security, the right to marry with free and full consent of the intending spouses, and to equality in and at the dissolution of marriages, the right to decide the number of children to have and when to have them, the rights to information as well as education, the rights to freedom of opinion and expression, and the right to an effective remedy for violations of fundamental rights.

Sexual rights protect the rights of everyone to fulfill and express their sexuality with due regard for the rights of others and within a framework of protection against discrimination. Sexual health is a very sensitive and wide aspect of health as it affects the psychological aspect as well as the genital organs.

Gender equality and sexual orientation are very key aspects of sexual health, as there is need for freedom from all forms of discrimination based on gender, need for respect and acceptance of gender differences, need for freedom from discrimination based on sexual orientation, and need for freedom to express sexual orientation in safe and responsible manners within a values framework that is respectful of the rights of others. There is also need to foster the practice of consensual, non-exploitative, honest, mutually pleasurable relationships.

If everyone is made to understand and respect the sexual rights of others, issues of rape, pedophilia, female genital mutilation, child marriage, breast ironing, and all manner of evil perpetrated against girls and even children will be mitigated. There will be more people to make responsible decisions regarding sexuality that will help build a better society. Note also that sexual health is all encompassing and it is incomplete not to mention regular check-ups like health screening, breast and testicular self-scans in order to identify sexual problems in time.

MONDAY HEALTH BURST Read More »

MONDAY HEALTH BURST

COVID-19, Health, WHO / cfhinitiative

DEPRESSION: THE SILENT KILLER

Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by persistently unhappy mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life. It is a very common mental disorder and in Nigeria, there are about 1.5million cases annually.

Possible causes of depression include a combination of biological, psychological and social sources of distress. Everyone who experiences depression is different and have different contributing factors. Some of these causes are identified as stressful life events including loss of a loved one, stress, isolation or loneliness, low self-esteem, personal factors like family history, personality, serious medical illness, drug and alcohol use, and chemical changes in the brain.

Symptoms of depression involve changes in sleep, appetite, energy level, concentration, daily behavior or self-esteem.

Change in Mood: anxiety, apathy, general discontent, guilt, hopelessness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, mood swings, or sadness.
Change in Behavior: agitation, excessive crying, irritability, restlessness, or social isolation.
Change in Sleep: early awakening, excess sleepiness, insomnia, or restless sleep.
Change in Whole body: excessive hunger, fatigue, or loss of appetite.
Cognitive change: lack of concentration, slowness in activity, or suicidal thoughts.
Change in Weight; weight gain or weight loss.

Many people suffering from depression never seek medical attention during their entire lives. They choose to absorb the burden of depression into their different body systems. This can lead to physical symptoms and various diseases at a later stage. If left untreated, major depression is life threatening.

The mainstay of treatment is usually medication, talk therapy or a combination of the two. Mild depression can be handled with family support, behavioral therapy, lifestyle changes, and learning skills for managing while Severe or chronic depression with other underlying health issues need medical therapy.

CFHI Monday Health Burst is an initiative of the organization to tackle issues of basic health concerns. Join us every Monday for more health related articles on all our social media platforms.

MONDAY HEALTH BURST Read More »

SPEAK WEDNESDAY

Gender, Health, WHO, Women / cfhinitiative

EMOTIONAL VIOLENCE

Have you ever been in a situation where you have suffered emotional neglect and isolation, experienced co-dependency, accusation, blaming, shame, verbal abuse, control, humiliation, bullying, intimidation, manipulation, cyber bullying and abusive criticism? All these devices are palpable signs of emotional violence geared towards hurting and destroying one’s self esteem. The abuser can be anyone: a spouse, business partner, boss, friends, family members, etc.

To exercise power and control over its victim, an emotional abuser propels one to believe that they are indispensable, leaving the victim in perpetual fear. It is important to know that everyone, regardless of race, religion, beliefs, are entitled to respect, independence, self-worth and safety in any relationship.

The emotionally abused sustain injuries that are not necessarily physical but invisible. Only the abused knows he/she is injured and weighs the burden of this injury. What happens next? The abused begins to wallow in self-doubt and concludes that he/she is worthless. The effects of emotional abuse can be short term damages or long lasting scars for those who survive it. The victims may suffer from insomnia, eating disorders, heart palpitations, depression, stomach ulcers, anxiety and even death.

One of the toughest types of violence to detect is emotional abuse because it may not necessarily be physical. Just like other kinds of violence emotional violence can sabotage the mental and psychological health. The abused may begin to feel that all the hurtful comments and abusive criticism used by the abuser are true and blame themselves for the abuse. This may push the abused into the silent killer called depression. We need to live with the consciousness that what we say to people, or how we use words when relating with people can affect them positively or negatively.

To tackle emotional abuse, you must first overcome self-blame. It is not your fault that you are abused. Yes! You will survive irrespective of whether that person is in your life or not. Make yourself a priority! It is important to establish boundaries in your relationship to preserve self-worth and respect. In cases where there is constant breach of boundaries, draw an exit plan, speak to close and trusted persons about it as this may boost the chances of healing internally.

Centre for Family Health Initiative through Child Protection Committee interventions provides psycho-social, economic and legal support to emotionally and physically abused persons who cannot afford justice. Also, Speak Wednesday is a service of CFHI to encourage victims of all forms of abuse to speak up, with the aims of providing justice for everyone, irrespective of their socio-economic status.

SPEAK WEDNESDAY Read More »

SPEAK WEDNESDAY

Gender, Health, WHO, Women / cfhinitiative

SPEAK WEDNESDAY- FAMILY VIOLENCE

Family violence can be referred to as domestic violence. This could be physical, verbal, psychological, sexual, social, financial, spiritual and emotional. It has been proven overtime that anyone can be affected by family violence, regardless of age, gender, sexual identity, cultural background, ability, religion, wealth, status or location.

Family violence can have serious and sometimes disastrous consequences for victims and for those around the violence. It may rage from physical abuse like pushes or shoves, hits, slaps, kicks, stabs, cuts, which may sometimes lead to death; sexual abuse like forceful sex or engaging in sexual activity without consent. This occurs even in marriages; financial abuse like being a sole controller of family funds no matter who earns it. It could also be depriving a partner of working so that she may depend solely on you for financial needs; emotional abuse is another form of family abuse and it entails name calling, threats, bulling, intimidation, humiliations, and more.

It is pertinent to note that women are not only victims of domestic violence. The men are not left out as well. The social and cultural stigma associated with male violence sometimes hinders them from speaking. Our society forbids a man to be abused in whatever form by his wife and children. Therefore they become too ashamed to speak to avoid the dishonor of being called weak. However, men should realize that speaking about it is not shameful but a thing of dignity to muster the courage to ask for help. Anyone can be abused!

There are unique cases where the abused is ignorant of the fact that he or she is being abused by the abuser. A good example is emotional, spiritual and economic abuse. In some relationships, one partner or spouse manipulates the other’s emotions to do certain things and making the victims develop low self-esteem over time. Some other spouses or partners exploit the economic resources of their spouses. They cover this exploitation with lies making their partners unaware of the fact that they are being abused.

#SayNoToRape #JusticeForEveryone #EndFamilyViolenceNow

SPEAK WEDNESDAY Read More »

SPEAK WEDNESDAY

Gender, WHO, Women / cfhinitiative

GENDER THEORIES PART 4 – Social Learning Theory by Judith Butler.

(Masculinity and Femininity roles are not biologically fixed but socially constructed)

Social learning theorists hold that a huge array of different influences socialize us as women and men. Females become women through a process whereby they acquire feminine traits and learn feminine behavior. Masculinity and femininity are thoughts conceived through nurture or upbringing. The roles are never innate but with how the society has actually interpreted it.

In our contemporary African society, we put conscious and deliberate efforts towards impacting good values into our female children as compared to the male children. Judith Butler’s gender theory of masculinity and femininity opines that when we equally treat every child alike, we most likely would have almost same features in both the male and female folks. This is because feminine and masculine roles as created and accepted by people in the society is a misconception.

Historically, many feminists have understood ‘woman’ differently: not as a sex term, but as a gender term that depends on social and cultural factors (like social position). In so doing, they distinguished sex (being female or male) from gender (being a woman or a man), although most ordinary language users appear to treat the two interchangeably. More recently this distinction has come under sustained attack and many view it nowadays with (at least some) suspicion.

Feminine and masculine gender-norms, however, are problematic in that gendered behavior conveniently fits with and reinforces women’s subordination so that women are socialized into subordinate social roles: they learn to be passive, ignorant, docile, emotional help meets for men. Since these roles are simply learned, we can create more equal societies by ‘unlearning’ social roles. That is, feminists should aim to diminish the influence of socialization.

SPEAK WEDNESDAY Read More »

MONDAY HEALTH BURST

COVID-19, Health, Hygiene, Sanitation, WHO / cfhinitiative

MONDAY HEALTH BURST

Studies are limited in how effective the use of face masks on healthy individuals affect the outcome of prevention of a respiratory virus. However, during the Covid-19 pandemic, we have seen nations use the precaution of implementing the use of face masks nationwide and have seen remarkable results on the prevention of the spread of the virus together with hand washing and social distancing. This among other studies led to the recommendation of non medical masks by WHO and Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC).

According to WHO guidelines, appropriate use and disposal of face masks are essential to ensure that they are effective and to avoid any increase in transmission. Hence, the need for proper sensitization to the proper way of using a face mask and how to dispose it, since so many people had little or no knowledge of what a face mask is prior to the pandemic.

Below are recommended steps on the correct use of face masks by Practices in Healthcare Settings:

Place the mask carefully, ensuring it covers the mouth and nose and tie it securely to minimize any gaps between the face and the mask.
Avoid touching the mask while wearing it.
Remove the mask appropriately by not touching the front of the mask but untie from behind.
After removal, clean hands using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer or wash with soap and water.
Replace masks as soon as they become dampened.
Do not re-use single-use masks.
Discard single-use masks after each use and dispose of them immediately upon removal.
For non medical masks, make sure to wash with disinfectant as well as soap and water after single use and make sure to dry under the sun. It is also advisable to have more than one non medical mask.

#StaySafe #MondayHealthBurst

MONDAY HEALTH BURST Read More »

MONDAY HEALTH BURST – PROPER HYGIENE AND SANITATION

Health, Hygiene, Sanitation, Uncategorized, WHO / cfhinitiative

MONDAY HEALTH BURST – PROPER HYGIENE AND SANITATION:

Simply put, hygiene is the personal practices we imbibe that contribute to healthy living like hand washing, hair trimming and keeping nails short and clean, bathing, brushing of teeth morning and evening, among others. Sanitation on the other hand, is the actions and use of tools we combine towards keeping our environment clean, safe and healthy. These include effective drainage and proper waste disposal, how we prepare food, maintain toilet facilities and washing stations.
According to WHO, these practices are important towards the availability of clean water, combating Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTP) like helminths via contaminated soil and water, lymphatic filariasis which affects 1 billion of the world’s poorest people in about 149 countries. It includes prevention of water borne diseases like diarrhoea, cholera and breeding of organisms that cause malaria and onchocerciasis.
Globally, 2.4 billion people lack access to proper toilet facilities, hence, the high rate of open defecation. Over 946 million people worldwide practice open defecation according to a WHO report, leading to contamination of the soil and nearby water bodies, often resulting in diseases affecting communities.
To ensure we understand the scope and scale of the need for hygiene and sanitation, we need to start with us as individuals, making sure we imbibe hygienic practices and sanitize our environment by disposing waste properly, recycling, cleaning of our homes and surroundings, culminating in the next step of community led sanitation. Communities can provide proper latrines and waste disposal means which is an important part of sanitation and can drastically reduce diseases in the communities.
To help build and maintain a healthy community and personal health, especially in this prevailing pandemic, we must embrace proper hygiene and sanitation.
#HygieneAndSanitation #MondayHealthBurst #Stayhome #Staysafe

MONDAY HEALTH BURST – PROPER HYGIENE AND SANITATION Read More »