IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HUMAN HEALTH
Changes in the overall climate of the planet cannot be over-emphasized. Continuous rise in temperature of the planet is becoming alarming and the root cause is Global warming. Fossil fuels are being continuously used to produce electricity. The burning of these fuels produces gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides which lead to global warming. Also, deforestation leads to warmer temperatures, hence, the hazard of global warming is continuously causing major damage to the Earth’s environment.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) in 2014, the net warming from 1850 to the end of the 20th century was equivalent to nearly 2.5 W/m2 with carbon dioxide contribution about 60% to this figure, methane about 25%, with nitrous oxides and halo-carbons providing the remainder. The major cause of global warming is the greenhouse gases. They include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides and in some cases chlorine and bromine containing compounds. The build-up of these gases in the atmosphere changes the radiative equilibrium in the atmosphere. The overall effect is to warm the Earth’s surface and the lower atmosphere because greenhouse gases absorb some of the outgoing radiation of Earth and re-radiate it back towards the surface.
Another major cause of global warming is the depletion of ozone layer. This happens mainly due to the presence of chlorine-containing source gases. When ultraviolet light is present, these gases dissociate releasing chlorine atoms which then catalyzes ozone destruction. Many industrial processes produce a wide diversity of aerosols depending on what is being burned or generated in the manufacturing process. These aerosols in the atmosphere also cause global warming by changing the climate in two ways. Firstly, they scatter and absorb solar and infrared radiation and hereby warming the air directly. Secondly, they may alter the micro-physical and chemical properties of clouds and perhaps affect their lifetime and extent.
Effects of climate changes could be very hazardous to human health. Some effects includes; Air pollution and airborne allergens to likely increase, worsening allergy and asthma conditions; climate change including rising temperatures and changes in weather extremes. This will increase health risks and require greater vigilance in food safety practices and regulation because of the exposure of food to certain pathogens and toxins; extreme weather and other events related to climate change will impact health by exacerbating underlying medical conditions like food-borne and waterborne illnesses, and disrupting infrastructures that are essential to maintaining access to health care and emergency response services. Also, climate-related exposures may lead to adverse pregnancy and newborn health outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm birth, dehydration and associated renal failure, diarrhea, and respiratory disease.
Climate action meaning stepped-up efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-induced impacts is necessary to combat climate change. The most significant solution to put an end to this disaster is the use of alternative energy sources. They include wind, solar, bio mass, geothermal and hydro. The most noteworthy point in using these sources is their clean nature. These sources do not produce any sort of pollution or toxic gases that can lead to global warming. They are friendly to the environment and pose no threat to ecological balance.
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